MT 7 Biology

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

Organisms with the best adaptations will live longer and reproduce more causing changes over time by acting on traits that are heritable

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

How fit an organism is to live in their environment

Question 3

Microevolution

Answer 3

Evolution on a small scale; affects only a single population

Question 4

Macroevolution

Answer 4

Evolution on a large scale; affecting species across multiple populations

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment

Question 6

Convergent Evolution

Answer 6

Convergent: ccurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems

Question 7

Divergent Evolution

Answer 7

he evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period

Question 8

Genetic Variation

Answer 8

the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population

Question 9

Biochemistry

Answer 9

study of chemical processes in living things; Analyzing DNA and proteins from different species

Question 10

Homologous Structure

Answer 10

Similar structures that suggest evidence of common ancestry; similar STRUCTURE but different FUNCTION

Question 11

Are homologous structures a result of convergent or divergent evolution?

Answer 11

DIVERGENT

Question 12

Analogous Structure

Answer 12

similar structures that evolved independently in different organisms due to serving similar purposes; different STRUCTURALLY same FUNCTIONALLY

Question 13

Are analogous structures a result of convergent evolution or divergent evolution?

Answer 13

CONVERGANT

Question 14

Vestigial Structure

Answer 14

Structures with little or no function to an organism- not essential for life

Question 15

Paleontology

Answer 15

Study of prehistoric life through the fossil record

Question 16

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 17

Explain what causes genetic diversity

Answer 17

mutations

Question 18

Can organisms evolve?

Answer 18

NO populations can evolve! Organisms can adapt but not evolve

Question 19

Know the four principles of natural selection

Answer 19

1. Overproduction of offspring
2. Variation
3. Adaptation
4. Decent with modification- a change in gene frequency over time

Question 20

What does comparing DNA sequences tell us about organisms?

Answer 20

Can compare similarities and predict common ancestry; closely related species would have similar DNA sequences

Question 21

Know the levels of organization in order

Answer 21

DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

Question 22

Direct Observation

Answer 22

Microevolution that has been directly observed due to occurring in populations with short life cycles that reproduce quickly (like flies)

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

The process of biological change in populations over time that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors