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STUDY TIME✌️🤓 > MT 3 Bio > Flashcards

MT 3 Bio Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when a tumor spreads out to other parts of the body?

A

metastasis

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2
Q

Name the two types of tumors?

A

Benign and Malignant

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3
Q

What type of tumor spreads?

A

Malignant

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4
Q

What type of tumor does not spread?

A

Benign

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5
Q

What kind of cell is in animals, plants, and fungi?

A

Eukaryotic

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6
Q

Name four things all cells have:

A
  1. Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Cell Membrane
  4. Ribosomes
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7
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the most basic unit of life
  3. All cells come from other cells
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8
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane?

A

to control what goes in and out of the cell

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9
Q

What organelle gives the cell shape and moves organelles around?

A

Cytoskeleton

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10
Q

What organelle holds everything in place?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

What does cytoplasm do?

A

holds everything in place

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12
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

protects DNA that controls the cells activity

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13
Q

What organelle makes ribosomes?

A

Nucleolus

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14
Q

What do ribosomes make?

A

protein

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15
Q

define a vesicle:

A

part of the membrane that goes around the lipid or protein to transport it around the cell

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16
Q

what are the jobs of the ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum?

A

make proteins and package them for secretion

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17
Q

what organelle makes and packages LIPIDS

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

gets vesicles of protein from the ER/ processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed

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19
Q

what do lysosomes do

A

break down dead stuff/ can do programmed cell death

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20
Q

What organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste

A

Vacuoles

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21
Q

What organelles appear during cell division to pull chromosomes apart?

A

Centrioles/Centrosomes

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22
Q

What are cilia and flagella?

A

Animal and bacteria cells only, associated with the cytoskeleton

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23
Q

What is the job of cilia?

A

move fluids across the cells surface

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24
Q

What is the job of flagella?

A

move the entire cell through extracellular fluid

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25
What organelle breaks down food to release energy as ATP
Mitochondria
26
What organelle is where photosythesis happens and converts energy from the sun into sugar
Chloroplasts
27
What does the cell wall do?
protect and maintain shape
28
one individual member of a species:
organism
29
set of organs working together for a common function:
organ system
30
set of tissues working together for a common function:
organ
31
group of cells working together for a common function:
tissue
32
most basic unit of life that has all the characteristics of life:
cell
33
what are stem cells?
undifferentiated cells that become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells
34
What is an embryonic stem cell?
A stem cell that can become any type
35
What is an adult stem cell?
Cells found in adult bone marrow that are partially differentiated and can only become certain types
36
What is the order of the cell cycle?
IPMATC
37
What is the end result of the cell cycle?
Two identical body cells
38
What are the two main purposes of the cell cycle?
Growth and repair
39
What is the division phase of the cell cycle?
Mitosis
40
What is prophase?
chromosomes condensing, nuclear membrane disappearing, and spindle fibers form
41
What is metaphase?
spindle fibers connecting to centromeres, chromosomes getting into the middle of the cell
42
What is anaphase?
Sister chromatids separating and becoming individual chromosomes
43
What phase of mitosis is when chromosomes de-condense and start to look like chromatic again. Spindle fibers break down and nuclear membrane reforms
Telophase
44
What is the division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells?
Cytokinesis
45
what is homeostasis?
the need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions
46
what is a positive feedback mechanism?
Amplification
47
what is a negative feedback mechanism?
Stabilization- returning to a set point
48
Define active cell transport:
cell transport that requires extra energy to bring materials in or out of the cell. (LOW TO HIGH concentration AGAINST the gradient)
49
Give 3 examples of active cell transport:
-molecular pumps -exocytosis -endocytosis
50
Define passive cell transport:
cell transport that requires no extra energy because the molecules go from high to low areas DOWN THE GRADIENT
51
Give three examples of passive cell transport:
-osmosis -simple diffusion -facilitated diffusion
52
What is simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane?
Osmosis
53
What is the spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached?
Simple Diffusion
54
A transport protein helping to facilitate diffusion of molecules that normally couldn't pass through the membrane is called...
Facilitated diffusion
55
Define osmosis:
the simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane
56
What is a hypertonic solution
a solution that the water concentration is lower than the cells cytoplasm- DEHYDRATION
57
What is a hypotonic solution
water concentration being higher than the cells cytoplasm- SWELLING
58
What is an isotonic solution
a solution where the water and cells cytoplasm have the same concentration
59
Define molecular pumps
when a cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane against the gradient through a protein channel
60
61
What is exocytosis
uses vesicles to export materials out of the cell

STUDY TIME✌️🤓 (13 decks)

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