MSRA: Prostate, Bladder and Penile Cancer

Question 1

What is the most common type of bladder cancer?

Answer 1

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)

Question 2

What are the risk factors for TCC of the bladder?

Answer 2

Smoking
Occupation (dyes, paints, solvents)

Question 3

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?

Answer 3

Smoking, schistosomiasis

Question 4

What is the most common type of penile cancer?

Answer 4

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

What are the risk factors for penile cancer?

Answer 5

HIV
Human papilloma virus (e.g history of genital warts)

Question 6

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

Answer 6

Increasing age
Family history
Afro-Caribbean ethnicity

Question 7

When should you not do a PSA measurement?

Answer 7

Within 6 weeks of prostate biopsy
Within 4 weeks of confirmed UTI
Within 1 week of PR
Within 48 hours of vigorous exercise
Within 48 hours of ejaculation

Question 8

What are the NICE referral criteria for suspected prostate cancer?

Answer 8

Irregular prostate of PR (even if normal PSA)
Abnormal PSA result

Question 9

What is the imaging modality of choice for suspected prostate cancer?

Answer 9

MRI
(MRI pelvis has now replaced TRUS-guided biopsy)