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MSK_Y1_MT1 > MSK_MT1_TBL6 (Back Muscles & Fasciae, Back Triangles, Suboccipital Triangle) > Flashcards

MSK_MT1_TBL6 (Back Muscles & Fasciae, Back Triangles, Suboccipital Triangle) Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius Muscles are made of (3)

A
  • SUPERFICIAL* Extrinsic Muscle
    1. Superior (descending) muscle
    2. Middle (transverse) muscle
    3. Inferior (ascending) muscle
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2
Q

Trapezius Superior Muscle Insertion

A

lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

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3
Q

Trapezius Middle Muscle Insertion (2)

A
  1. Acromion of Scapula
  2. Spine of Scapula
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4
Q

Trapezius Middle Muscle Origin

A

T1-T4

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5
Q

Trapezius Inferior Muscle Origin

A

T5 - T12

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6
Q

Trapezius Inferior Muscle Insertion

A

Medial Ends of spine of scapula

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7
Q

Trapezius Muscle Inervation

A

Cranial Nerve XI (11)

Spinal Nerves C3 & C4 (anterior rami, sensory fibers)

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8
Q

Traperzius Muscle Actions

A
  1. elevates scapula (shrugging motion)
  2. retracts and rotates scapula
  3. rotates the glenoid cavity
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9
Q

Traperzius Muscle Bilateral Action

A
  • done by the superior descending muscle
  • allows for the extension of the neck
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10
Q

Traperzius Muscle Unilateral Contraction

A
  • flexion of the head to one side
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11
Q

Excercises for Trapezius

A
  • upper portion developed through elevating shoulders
  • middle portion developed bringing shoulder blades together (horizontal bar)
  • lower portion developed by bringing shoulder blades down while keeping arms straight (parallel bars)
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12
Q

Latissimus dorsi Origin

A

Superficial Extrinsic Muscle

  1. posterior illiac crest
  2. sacral
  3. lumbar
  4. T7 - T12 (lower 6 thoracic)
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13
Q

Latissimus dorsi Insertion

A

Intertubericle (bicipital) groove of the humerous

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi Functions

A
  1. extends
  2. adducts
  3. medially or internally rotates humerous
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15
Q

Latissimus dorsi Inervations

A
  1. Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8 origin)
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16
Q

Excercises for Latissimus dorsi

A
  1. vericle pulling movements (pull ups and pull downs)
  2. horizontal pulling movements (rowing)
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17
Q

Levator scapulae muscle origin

A

Superficial Extrinsic Muscle

transverse process of C1-C4

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18
Q

Levator scapulae muscle insertion

A

upper portion of the medial border of the scapula

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19
Q

Levator scapulae muscle Innvervation

A

C3 & C4

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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20
Q

Levator scapulae muscle Functions

A
  1. Evevates scapula
  2. rotates the glenoic cavity inferiorly
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21
Q

Rhomboid Muscle Innervation

A

both the minor and major rhomboid muscles are innervated by the:

dorsal scapular nerve(C5)

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22
Q

Romboideus minor muscle Origin

A

originates at C7 + T1

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23
Q

Romboideus minor muscle Insertion

A

attaches at the medial border of the scapula (near the spine of the scapula)

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24
Q

Romboideus major muscle Origin

A

T2 - T5

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25
Q

Romboideus major muscle Insertion

A

Medial border of the scapula (the bottom half past the spine of the scapula)

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26
Q

Romboideus muscles Function

A

adducts scapula

inferior rotation of scapula

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27
Q

Excercises for Romboideus muscles

A
  1. pull ups and pull downs
  2. rowing

(same as Levator scapulae)

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28
Q

Serratus posterior superior Origin

A

Intermediate (Extrincic muscle)

  • Nuchal Ligament
  • C7 & T1-3
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29
Q

Serratus posterior superior Insertion

A

Intermediate Extrinsic muscle

Ribs 2-5

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30
Q

Serratus posterior superior Innervation

A

Intermidiate Extrinsic Muscle

Intercostal Nerves 2-5

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31
Q

Serratus posterior superior Functions

A

elevates the ribs = helps the lung to *inspire

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32
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Origins

A

Intermediate Extrinsic Muscle

T11-12 * L1-2

33
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Insertions

A

Intermediate Extrinsic Muscle

  • inferior borders
  • ribs 8 - 12
34
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Innervations

A

Intermediate Extrinsic Muscle

  • intercostal nerves 9-12
  • subcostal nerve
  • anterior rami
35
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Functions

A

Intermediate Extrinsic Muscle

depresses the ribs = *expiration of lungs = exhale

36
Q

Triangle of Aculation

A

Where Dr. check your breating with Stethescope

borders of the empty triangle are:

  1. trapezious muscle
  2. medial border of scapula
  3. latissimus dorsi
37
Q

Deep/Intrinsic Muscles (Overview)

A
38
Q

Erector spinae muscle Overview

A

Intermediate Layer of Deep/Intrinsic Muscles

  1. Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
  2. Longissimus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
  3. Spinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

INNERVATION

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

Placements of the Erector spinae muscles

A
40
Q

Illiocostalis Origins/Insertions

A
  • attaches to angles of RIBS + CERVICAL transverse processes
41
Q

Longissimus Origins/Insertions

A

attaches to:

  1. ribs
  2. thoracic
  3. cervical transverse process
  4. mastoid process
42
Q

Spinalis thoracis

A

originates T10-L3

inserts T2-T8

43
Q

Spinalis capitus

A

origin: spineous process at C7-T1
insertion: occipital bone @ midline

44
Q

Spinalis cervitus

A

origin: spineous process at C6-T2
insertion: C2-4

45
Q

Actions of the Erector Spinae

A
  • bilateral contraction = extension
  • unilateral contraction = lateral flexion to the same side of contracting msucle

Excercises:

Deadlift

46
Q

Inferior Lumbar

Lumbar triangle (of Petit)

A

laterally completed by the external abdominal oblique muscle

inferiorly completed by the iliac crest

floor of this space = The internal abdominal oblique muscle

Petit’s hernia: less common

47
Q

Superior Lumbar

Lumbar triangle (of Grynfeltt)

A
  1. medially completed by sacrospinalis
  2. laterally completed by internal abdominal oblique muscle
  3. superiorly completed by the 12th rib
  • floor of this space = tranversalis fascia
  • roof of this space = tranversus abdominus muscle

Grynfeltt hernia: MORE COMMON

48
Q

suboccipital region

A

deepest region of the back of the neck

underneath the trapezius, splenius capitis, and semispinalis capitis muscles.

49
Q

suboccipital triangle. borders

A

HELPFUL TO ORIENT SURGEONS

  • Floor : posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1 vertebra
  • Roof: semispinalis capitis muscle

Superomedial border: rectus capitis posterior major muscle

Superolateral border: obliquus capitis superior muscle

Inferolateral border: obliquus capitis inferior muscle

Contains:

  • vertebral artery & greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2)
50
Q

Superficial Back Muscles are..

A

associated with movements of the shoulder.

51
Q

Intermediate Back Muscles are…

A

associated with movements of the thoracic cage.

52
Q

Deep/Intrinsic Back Muscles are…

A

associated with movements of the vertebral column & control of posture

53
Q

Splenius Capitis Insertion

A

Deep Superficial Back Muscle

insertion: lateral part of the superior nuchal line (found between occipital bone and the mastoid process of the temporal bone)

54
Q

Splenius Capitis Origin

A

Deep/Intrinsic Superficial Back Muscle

Origin: spinous processes of the C7 to T3 & nuchal ligament.

55
Q

Splenius Capitis Innervation

A

Deep/Intrinsic Superficial Back Muscle

the posterior rami of C1 - C6

56
Q

Splenius Capitis Function

A

Deep Superficial back muscles

bilateral contraction = EXTENTION of back of head

unilateral contraction = FLEX & ROTATES head to the SAME side

57
Q

Splenius Cervicis Origin

A

Deep Superficial Back Muscle

originates form the spinous processes of T3 - T6

58
Q

Splenius Cervicis Innsertion

A

Deep Superficial Back Muscles

inserts on the transverse processes of C1 - C3

59
Q

Splenius Cervicis Innervation

A

Deep Superior Back Muscles

(same as splenius Capitis) = the posterior rami of C1 - C6

60
Q

Splenius Cervicis Funcation

A

Deep Superior Back Muscles

(same as Funcation of splenius cervicis) =

biltaeral contraction = extension of the head

unilateral contraction = Flex & Rotate to one side

61
Q

Illiocostalis Cervicis Attachments

A

Lateral Er. Spinae Deep Intermediate

Origin: Ribs 3-6

Insertion: Cervical Vertabrae C4- C6

62
Q

Illiocostalis thoracis Attachments

A

Er. Spinae Deep Intermediate

Origin: Ribs 7- 12

Insertion: Ribs 1 - 6

63
Q

Illiocostalis Lumborum Attachments

A

Er. Spinae, Deep Intermediate

Origin: lateral sacral, medial illiac crest, thoracofascia

Insertion: L1 -L4 & R 6 - R 12, thoracofasia

64
Q

Illiocostalis Innervation

A

Lateral Erector Spinae Deep Intermediate

posterior rami of C8 - L1

65
Q

Illiocostalis Functions

A

bilateral = extension of the spine

unilateral = bending of the spine ipsilaterally (same side)

66
Q

Longisimus Capitis Attachments

A

Medial Er. Spinae Deep Intermediate

Origin: C4 - T5

Insertion: Mastoid

67
Q

Longisimus Cervicis Attachments

A

Medial Er. SPinae, Deep Intermediate

Origin: T1-T5

Insertion: C2 - C6

68
Q

Longisimus Thoracis Attachments

A

Medial Er. Spinae, Deep Intermediate

  • origin: sacrum and iliac crest via:
    • iliocostalis lumborum tendon & lumbosacral aponeurosis
    • L1-5
  • Insertion: T1 – T12; lower Ribs R5-R12
69
Q

Longisimus Muscle Innervation

A

posterior rami of C1-L5

70
Q

Longissimus Capatus Function

A

bilateral = EXTENDS head + neck

unilateral = Flexes/Rotates head + neck

for rest of Longissimus = same rules but for SPINE

71
Q

Spinalis Capatus Attachments

A

Most internal Er. Spinae, Deep Intermediate

Origin: C7 & T1

Insertion: Occipital Bone @ Midline

72
Q

Spinalis cervicis Attachments

A

Most internal Er. Spinae, Deep Intermediate

Origin: C7 & T1 & Nuchal Ligament

Insertion C2-C4

73
Q

Spinalis Muscle Innervation

A

Posterior rami along whole of muscle

74
Q

Spinalis Muscle Function

A

bilateral contraction = EXTENSION of CERVICAL* & *THORACIC spine

unilater contraction = SIDE BEND of CERVICAL* & *THORACIC spinec ipsolaterally

75
Q

Semispinalis Function

A

Deep Layer of Deep/Intrinsic Muscle

bilateral contraction = EXTENSION of the head + cervical & thoracic spine

unilateral contraction = LATERAL FLEXION of the head, cervical and thoracic spine on the ipsilateral

ROTATION CONTRALATERALLY

76
Q

Semispinalis Innervation

A

capitalis = via the Greater Occipital nerve + C3

cervisis & thoracis = via posterior rami (medial branches)

77
Q

Multifidus Function

A

Deep Deep Back

triangle bunches of muscle

bilateral contration = extenion of the spine

unilateral = lateral flexion of the spine ipsolaterally

contralateral roatation

78
Q

Rotatores Function

A

Deep Deep back

zig zag muscles, thoracically developed

bilateral = Extension of the thoracic

unilateral = rotation of the thoracic contralaterally

MSK_Y1_MT1 (13 decks)

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