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MSK_Y1_MT1 > MSK_MT1_DSA1 (Protein Deficiency, Food Requirements, and Diet) > Flashcards

MSK_MT1_DSA1 (Protein Deficiency, Food Requirements, and Diet) Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Proteins

A
  1. required for growth and repair
  • Fluid balance
  • Albumin
  1. Osmotic pressure
  • Acid-base balance
  • Buffering role
  1. Required for production of Structural proteins
    * Examples: collagen, keratin
  2. Contractile proteins
    * Examples: actin, myosin
  3. Transport proteins
    * Examples: transferrin, hemoglobin
  4. Hormones (peptides)
    * Examples: insulin, growth hormone
  5. energy when needed, but not preferred
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Protein Source: Total Protein Foods

A
  1. lean beef, pork, pultry
  2. eggs
  3. beans
  4. peas

Score: Max score (5 points) given for ≥ 2.5 ounces, Min = 0

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4
Q

Protein Source: Seafood and Plant Proteins

A
  1. fish
  2. shellfish
  3. nuts
  4. seeeds
  5. soy
  6. (total protein category = beans and peas)

Max score (5 points) given for ≥ 0.8 ounces, Min = 0

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5
Q

Grams to Servings

A

1 oz of protein food = 7-8 grams of protein

  • 1 large egg = 10.5 g
  • 1 medium chicken breast (~4.5 oz)= 35 g
  • 4 oz Atlantic salmon = ~29g
  • 1/2 cup chickpeas (garbanzo beans (~2.9 oz)= 7 g
  • 1 oz almonds = ~6 g
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6
Q

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

A
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7
Q

’

Bioavaliability of Proteins

A
  • how efficiently the body utilizes dietary protein
  • high = a high supply of the essential AA (usually animal sources)
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8
Q

High-Quality Proteins

A

Complete, high bioavailability (mostly from animal products)

  1. Cheese/dairy
  2. Meat
  3. Poultry
  4. Eggs
  5. Plant protein: soy
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9
Q

Low-Quality Proteins

A

Incomplete, less bioavailable (mostly from plants)

  1. Legumes (beans, peas)
  2. Whole grains
  3. Nuts and seeds
  4. Animal protein: gelatin
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10
Q

Essential AA

A
  • NEED to EAT these AA
  1. isoleucine
  2. leucine
  3. valine
  4. tryptophan
  5. phenylalanine
  6. histidine
  7. lysine
  8. methionine
  9. threonine

PVT TIM HALL

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11
Q

Conditionally Essential AA

A
  • some NONessential →→→ Essential DURING STRESS
    1. glutamine, alanine, carnitine
    2. histidine (essential) & arginine are required during growth
    3. tyrosine is essential in patient with phenylketonuria (PKU)
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12
Q

Populations at Risk for Protein Deficiency

A
  1. Vegetarians and vegans (planned diets can be adequate in protein)
  2. Extreme picky eaters
  3. Individuals with severe illness or injury (sepsis, burns)
  4. Individuals following major surgery
  5. (Bariatric surgery = ↓↓ protein bc of postsurgery restricted diets)

Supplements are generally recommended

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13
Q

Marasmus

A
  • NOT A PROTEIN DEFICIENCY, this is pure caloric starvation
  • Severe weight loss
  • Wasting of muscle and fat
  • Develops gradually
  • compared to Kwashiorkor which may develop rapidly
  • Results in severe growth impairment in children
  • “Skin and bones” appearance
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14
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), PROTEIN DEFICIENCY which may occur with normal calorie intake

Mostly seen in developing countries, populations with poor access to protein-foods, grain-based diets

Symptoms:

  1. hypoalbuminemia
  2. anemia
  3. edema
  4. pot belly
  5. loss of hair

May be seen in patients with underlying conditions like eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders, or restrictive diets due to avoidance of food allergies, or in cases of neglect

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15
Q

Malnutrition (Low BMI)

A
  • weightloss
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16
Q

Conditions That ↑↑↑ Protein Requirements

A
  1. Illness
  2. Injury
  3. Periods of growth
  4. Increased resistance training

Grams/kg provided are estimates, should be individualized:

  • Anabolism, moderate stress - 1.2-1.5 g/kg
  • Infection, major surgery - 1.3-1.6 g/kg
  • Major trauma, sepsis, burns - 1.75-2.0 g/kg
17
Q

BMI

A
  • ratio of weight (kg) to height (m^2)… does not measure body fat directly

BMI <18.5 (underweight)
BMI = 18.5–24.9 (desirable, normal weight)
BMI = 25–29.9 (overweight)
BMI >30 (obesity)

  • the relationship between BMI & body fat percentage
    • varies by age and sex, and differs across ethnic groups
    • (BMI data is mostly from middle-upper income white individuals)
  • In very muscular individuals, BMI may FALSELY suggest obesity
18
Q

High BMI and Disease Risk

A

obesity (BMI ≥ of 30 kg/m2 ) associated with ↑↑↑ risk:

  1. metabolic disease
  2. cardiovascular diseases
  3. stroke
  4. cognitive impairment
  5. certain cancers

Severe obesity (BMI >40 kg/m2) is associated with:

  • all of the above AND DIABETUS

MSK_Y1_MT1 (13 decks)

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