MSK Session 7 Flashcards by Charlotte Manton

What forms the hip bone?

Ilium
Pubic bone
Ischium

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What forms the pelvic girdle?

2 innominate bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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Why bust the pelvis be carefully examined upon fracture in one location?

If its breaks in one place it is likely to break in another

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How much movement does the sacroiliac joint allow?

A small amount

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Slippage of what causes shortening of the leg in injury?

Sacroiliac joint

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What is true leg length?

ASIS to medial malleolus

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What is apparent leg length?

Umbilicus to medial malleolus

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What weight bears when seated?

Ischial tuberosity

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What does the acetabulum have components of?

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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What happens to the triradiate cartilage that joins the three components of the acetabulum in children?

It is ossified by 20-25 y.o.

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Which is the weight bearing bone of the leg?

Tibia

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What does the tibia articulate with?

Proximally: condyles of femur
Distally: talus
Proximally and distally: fibula

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What develops on the tibia in osteoarthritis?

Osteophytes

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What line can be seen on the posterior tibia?

Soleal

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Why does the femur have a thin neck?

Allow for a large range of movement

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What does the femur articulate with proximally?

Acetabulum

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What is the angle of inclination?

Axis of head and shaft

125 degrees

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What causes external rotation of the leg in femoral neck fracture?

Lesser trochanter moving superiorly

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Who can the anterior and posterior femur be identified?

Anterior has intertrochanteric line

Posterior has intertrochanteric crest (more visible)

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Why is it possible to walk if the fibula is broken?

It is non weight bearing

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What does the fibula articulate with?

Talus

Tibia

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Why must the leg be amputated if the fibula is congenitally absent?

Lack of muscle attachments

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What are the 7 tarsus bones?

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
3 Cuneiform

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Which is the only bone of the fort that articulate as with the leg?

Talus

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How many phalanges are present in the figure at toe?

How many phalanges are there in all digits except the great toe?

What is the direction of the 2 arches of the foot?

Front to back | Side to side

What are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by?

Femoral nerve

What movements do the anterior thigh muscles carry out?

Flexion at the hip | Extension of knee

Where do all of the quadriceps muscles converge?

Quadriceps tendon

What are the quadriceps muscles?

Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis

Which muscles in the anterior thigh are innervated directly from spinal level?

Iliopsoas

Which muscles form the iliopsoas group?

Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Aorta --> external iliac --> femoral artery --> deep artery of thigh --> circumflex --> perforating

What does the femoral artery turn into when it passes through the hiatus?

Popliteal artery

Describe the venous drainage of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Saphenofemoral junction --> great saphenous vein --> posterior of medial condyle of femur --> anterior to medial maleolus --> popliteal vein --> small saphenous vein

What is the main action of pectineus?

Adduct thigh Flex thigh Assist w/medial rotation

What innervates pectineus?

Femoral nerve

What is the main action of psoas major?

Flex thigh | Stabilising hip joint

What innervates psoas major?

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-3

What is the main action of psoas minor?

Flex thigh | Stabilise hip joint

What innervates psoas minor?

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1 and 2

What is the main action of iliacus?

Flex thigh | Stabilise hip joint

What innervates iliacus?

Femoral nerve

What is the main action of sartorius?

Flex thigh Abduct thigh Laterally rotate thigh Flex leg at knee

What innervates sartorius?

Femoral nerve

What is the main action of quadriceps femoris?

Extend leg at knee | Rectus femoris steadies hip and assists iliopsoas flex

What innervates quadriceps femoris?

Femoral nerve

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh collectively known as?

Hip adductors

How many muscles are there in the medial compartment of the thigh?

What innervates all 5 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Obturator

What supplies all muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Obturator artery

What are the five muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracialis Obturator externus ```

What is the main action of adductor longus?

Addicts thigh

What is the main action of adductor brevis?

Adducts thigh | Flexes thigh to some extent

What is the main action of adductor magnus?

Adductor thigh Adductor part: flexes thigh Hamstrings part: extends thigh

What is the main action of gracialis?

Addicts thigh Flexes leg Helps rotate leg medially

What is the main action of obturator externus?

Laterally rotates thigh | Steadies head of femur in acetabulum

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Medial border of sartorius

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

Inguinal ligament

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Medial border of adductor longus

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

Iliopsoas laterally | Pectineus medially

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

Fascia lata Cribriform fascia Subcutaneous tissue Skin

What is the contents of the femoral triangle moving lateral to medial?

Femoral nerve and its terminal branches Femoral artery and several of its branches Femoral vein and its proximal tributaries

What are the proximal tributaries of the femoral vein?

Great saphenous vein | Profundua femoris vein

What is the femoral sheath?

3-4 cm long funnel-shaped fascial compartment lining the vascular compartment of the retro-inguinal space

What does the femoral sheath house?

Femoral canal

What does the space in the femoral canal allow for?

Venous and lymph distension during different levels of flow

What is housed within the femoral canal?

Femoral artery Femoral vein Lymphatic vessels Deep inguinal lymph node

What is outside the femoral canal but within the femoral triangle?

Femoral nerve

What is a femoral hernia?

Small intestine pushed through femoral ring

What is the femoral ring?

Weak point in anterior abdominal wall

What bounds the femoral ring?

Laterally: femoral Medially: lacunar ligament

What does a femoral hernia initially compress?

Femoral canal

What can cause strangulation of a femoral hernia?

Lacunar ligament

Why are femoral hernias more common in women?

They usually have a wider pelvis

What is the usual treatment for femoral hernia?

Surgery