MSK, rheum Flashcards
Pharyngeal pouch 1
Epithelium of middle ear and auditory tube, TM, epithelium of external ear canal
Pharyngeal pouch 2
Epithelium of palatine tonsil crypts
Pharyngeal pouch 3
Thymus, inferior parathyroid glands
Pharyngeal pouch 4
Superior parathyroid glands
Hip flexion
Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL
Hip extension
Gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
Hip abduction
gluteus medius, minimus
Hip adduction
Adductor brevis, longus, magnus
Sitting up from supine requires which muscles?
External abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, hip flexors
Prepatellar bursitis
pw inability to kneel on affected side; chronic trauma from repeated kneeling “housemaid’s knee”
Anserine bursitis
Pain, tenderness along medial aspect of knee; overuse in athletes or fat people
Common peroneal nerve
Fibular neck fractures or compression; cause weakness of dorsiflexion (deep peroneal), eversion (superficial peroneal nerve), loss of sensation over foot dorsum; “foot drop”
Rickets: histology, clinical presentation
Unmineralized osteoid matrix and widened osteoid seams; bowed legs, “rosery chest,” lower rib indentations (harrison’s sulci), softening of skull (craniotabes), and growth retardation
Obdurator nerve traverses through what and innervates?
Obturator foramen, supplies the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head 2/2 injury to what artery
Medial femoral circumflex artery
Caudal regression syndrome: etiology, presentation
Poorly controlled maternal diabetes; sacral agenesis with LE paralysis and urinary incontinence
Osteoporosis rf
Smoking, menopause, steroids, inactivity, white, low body weight, ETOH use
Tetracycline (e.g. doxy): contraindications and presentations of se
Avoid in pregnancy/young children; pw total bone growth retardation and staining of teeth
Biggest determinant of bone density differences
Genetics
Methotrexate se
Stomatitis (prevent with FA supplement), hepatotoxity
Hydroxychloroquine se
permanent retinal damage
Mitochondral encephalomyopathy presentation, example of what genetic principle
Lactic acidosis, ragged red SK fibers, CNS infarcts; heteroplasmy (different orgenellar genomes in 1 cell)
Hypercalcemia in HL, sarcoid moa
T cells secrete interferon-gamma, activate macrophage, increase 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity, increase extrarenal formation of 1,25 hydroxy calciferol
Eternacept moa, have to check what?
Fusion protein of TNF-alpha receptor and IG, act as decoy receptor to inhibit TNF-alpha activity in RA; check TB before
Shaken baby syndrome pw
Subdural hematoma, b/l retinal hemorrhage
Raloxifene moa
Prevent osteoporosis, protect against ER-positive BC
Medroxyprogesterone
Prevent endometrial hyperplasia, carcinoma in women on estrogen therapy, prolonged use leads to osteoporosis
Paget disease of bone moa, pw
Extensive osteoclastic activity (very large, up to 100 nuclei); bone pain with elevated alk phos
Achondroplasia moa, pw
Activiating mutation of FGF receptor @ epiphyseal growth plate inhibits growth; dwarfism (short long bones with normal body)
2 types of bone; which one more susceptible to osteo?
Cortical/compact (shaft of leg bones, outer envelope of all bones), cancellous bone (vertebral column, distal radius, hip, neck of femur); cancellous
Primary osteoporosis: lab findings
Normal Ca, phosphorus, PTH
Myasthenia gravis rx, se, and rx for se
AChase inhibitor (pyridostigme); can experience GI upsetness; scopolamine (selective muscarinic Ach receptor antagonist)
Accomodation moa
Ciliary muscle contract, zonular fibers relax, and lens assume more convex shape
Biphosphonate moa, indications, intake pecularities
Structural analog of pyrophosphynate; makes hydroxyapatite more insolub,e interferes with ostecloast function; osteoporosis, PDB, malignancy-induced hypercalcemia; fasting state with lots of water, stay upright to prevent reflux esophigitis
Lambert Eaton presentation; check for?
proximal muscle weakness, CN/ANS involvement, hyporeflexia, incremental improvement to repeated movement; 1/2 have maligancy (small cell lung cancer)
Steroid-induced osteo: moa
decreased bone matrix synthesis, inhibition of vita D activity at GI, increase PTH activity
Musculocutaneous nerve
C5-C7; Motor: flexor muscles of upper arm; Sensory: lateral forearm
Duchenne inheritence pattern, moa, pw, histo
XLR; absence of dystrophine causes myonecrosis; Gower sign, kyphoscoliosis; early: true hypertrophy of distal muscle, late: pseudohypertrophy in that fat and connective tissue replace muscle in distal muscle
Succinylcholine SE
Severe hyperkalemia in burn/crush patients, malignant hyperthermia, arrythmia
Muscle relaxants (dantrolene, baclofen) and moa
Dantroline: Acts on ryanodine receptors in SR, prevents Ca release; Baclofen: Affects GABA receptors at spine;
