MSK - Hip Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three bones called that join together to form the pelvis?

A

Ilium, ischium and pubis

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2
Q

What are the three main ligaments in the hip?

A

Ileofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament

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3
Q

What are the primary hip flexors?

A

Psoas major and iliacus

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4
Q

What is the main hip extensor?

A

Gluteus maximus

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5
Q

What are the hip abductors?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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6
Q

What are the hip adductors?

A

Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

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7
Q

Which are the muscles that are primarily responsible for internal rotation of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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8
Q

Why is there not a lot of muscular support for internal rotation of the hip?

A

It is not usually performed against resistance

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9
Q

When a hip injury has occurred, should the stick be used on the same side of the body as the injury or the opposite side?

A

The opposite side

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10
Q

Define osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease - a clinical syndrome of joint pain accompanied by functional limitation and reduced quality of life. Often affects hips, knees and small joints of hands

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11
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Primary OA - etiology is unknown

Secondary OA - etiology is known

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12
Q

Give some causes of secondary osteoarthritis

A
  • trauma
  • previous joint disorders
  • developmental dysplasia of hip
  • infection
  • gout
  • haemophilia

There are many more

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13
Q

Give some risk factors for arthritis

A
  • obesity
  • past injury to a joint
  • occupational factors
  • genetics
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14
Q

Give some signs and symptoms of arthritis

A
  • joint pain
  • crepitus
  • joint deformity
  • osteophytes present
  • joint stiffness
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15
Q

What are the four cardinal signs of arthritis on an X-ray?

A
  • subchondrial sclerosis
  • osteophytes
  • narrowing of joint space
  • subchondrial cysts
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16
Q

What does osteoarthritis do to articular cartilage?

A
  • increased tissue swelling
  • change in colour
  • cartilage fibrillation
  • cartilage erosion down to subchondral bone
17
Q

What are the indications for surgical intervention in osteoarthritis?

A
  • severe joint pain
  • failure of conservative treatment methods
  • limitation of daily living activities
  • deformity, angular deviations, instability
18
Q

What is a labrum?

A

The outer thickening of the cartilage of the socket that cushions the soft cartilage of the surface of the socket

19
Q

Give some risks of hip replacement

A
  • dislocation
  • leg length discrepancy
  • infection
  • blood clots
  • fracture
  • loosening of components
  • future surgery to revise components