MSK - Cervical And Thoracic Spine Flashcards
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
How big are the cervical vertebrae compared to the other vertebrae?
They are the smallest of the discrete vertebrae
What is different about the foramen of cervical vertebrae (except C7)?
It is bifid (has two ‘spikes’)
What action is the first cervical vertebrae involved with?
50% of total flexion and extension of the neck
Which two features is the first cervical vertebra missing which the other vertebrae have?
Vertebral body and spinous processes
What are the two things found on the second cervical vertebrae which work together to prevent horizontal displacement of the atlas?
The ‘dens’ (Odontoid process) and the transverse ligament
What are the three main features that characterise the second cervical vertebra?
- odontoid process/’dens’
- rugged lateral mass
- large spinous process
What’s special about the seventh cervical vertebra?
It has the longest spinous process (which is not bifid), which means it can be seen from the outside very prominently. It also has a small foramen transversarium so only the accessory vertebral veins are transmitted.
What is the ligamentum nuchae?
A thickening of the supraspinous ligament which attaches to the external occipital protuberance and the spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae.
What are the functions of the ligamentum nuchae?
- maintains secondary curvature of the cervical spine
- helps the cervical spine support the head
- major site of attachment of trunk and neck muscles
Which is stronger, the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligament?
Anterior is stronger
What are the three movements of the cervical spine?
- flexion/extension
- lateral flexion
- rotation
What shape is the vertebral foramen on the thoracic vertebrae?
Small and circular