MEH - Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

What causes type 1 diabetes?

A

Autoimmune beta cell destruction - autoantibodies are directed against the beta cells so insulin producing cells are destroyed

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2
Q

What causes type 2 diabetes?

A

Either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the cells cannot use the insulin properly

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3
Q

How does diabetes mellitus present?

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, blurred vision, urogenital infections, tiredness, weakness, weight loss

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4
Q

How is diabetes diagnosed?

A
  • fasting glucose
  • oral glucose tolerance test
  • HbA1c
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5
Q

How does type 1 diabetes present?

A

Rapid onset (weeks) weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia, may be ketoacidosis

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6
Q

What is the main treatment of type 1 diabetes?

A

Exogenous insulin given by sub-cutaneous injection several times per day

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7
Q

What lifestyle factors can be linked with type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity and physical inactivity

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8
Q

Why is type 2 diabetes sometime difficult to detect?

A

The symptoms are very variable due to the slower rise in blood glucose, and they may be asymptomatic. May have polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss.

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