MEH 2 - Intro To Metabolism Flashcards
What is meant by ‘transport work’ in cells?
Energy required for movement of ions and nutrients across membranes
What does ATP split into after it is used to provide energy?
ADP and Pi
What is the official SI unit of food energy?
Kilojoule
What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?
(CH2O)n
Put these in order of smallest to largest:
Oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, polysaccharides
- monosaccharides (single sugar units)
- disaccharides (2 units)
- oligosaccharides (3-12 units)
- polysaccharides (10-1000s units)
Give an example of a polysaccharide
Glycogen, starch, cellulose
Give some examples of dietary disaccharides
- sucrose (glucose-fructose)
- lactose (galactose-glucose)
- maltose (glucose-glucose)
True or false - starch is the main carbohydrate storage molecule in animals?
False - it’s the main storage molecule in plants. Glycogen is the main carbohydrate storage molecule in animals
What are the nine essential amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the body and must be obtained from other sources?
(Remember the mnemonic: ‘if learned this huge list may prove truly valuable’)
- isoleucine
- lysine
- threonine
- histidine
- leucine
- methionine
- phenylalanine
- tryptophan
- valine
What is fat composed of?
Lipids composed of triacylglycerols (3 fatty acids esterified to one glycerol)
Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
Vitamins A, D, E and K
Sodium, potassium and chloride are electrolytes. What are these required for?
They establish ion gradients across membranes, and maintain water balance
What is the routine maintenance amount of water that should be given through IV fluids?
30 ml/kg/day
Give some examples of dietary fibre
- cellulose
- lignin
- pectins
- gums
Why can humans not digest cellulose?
We do not make the required enzymes to break the beta-1,4 linkages in cellulose