CVS - Intro To CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Why do single-celled organisms not require a cardiovascular system to get O2 and nutrients?

A

They can get them directly by diffusion from the environment.

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2
Q

Give some factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

A
  • area available for exchange
  • diffusion ‘resistance’, eg nature of molecule
  • concentration gradient
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3
Q

Will a tissue which is very metabolically active have a high or low capillary density?

A

A high capillary density, allowing a large area for exchange.

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4
Q

Will the concentration of a substance used by tissues (eg oxygen) be higher or lower in capillary blood than arterial blood?

A

Lower. The size of the difference depends on the rate of use by the tissue and the rate of blood flow through the capillary bed.

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5
Q

What is the ‘perfusion rate’?

A

The rate of blood flow through tissues.

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6
Q

Does blood flow to the brain change during exercise?

A

No, it stays constantly high

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7
Q

What is total blood flow at rest?

A

About 5 litres per minute

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8
Q

What can total blood flow rise to during exercise?

A

It can reach 25 litres per minute.

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9
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A
  • fibrous layer
  • parietal (outer serous) layer
  • pericardial cavity (not technically a layer, the space contains pericardial fluid)
  • visceral (inner serous) layer
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
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10
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Fluid in the pericardium builds up and results in compression of the heart.

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11
Q

What is pericardiocentesis?

A

A procedure where fluid is aspirated from the pericardium.

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12
Q

Where does the main venous drainage of the heart enter the heart?

A

Right atrium

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