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nplex > msk high yield > Flashcards

msk high yield Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal level/location of:
Hyoid bone
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Medial end of clavicle
Root of spine of scapula
Inferior angle of scapula
Highest point of iliac crest
PSIS

A

Hyoid bone (C2-C3)
Cricoid cartilage (C6)
Thyroid cartilage (C4/C5)
Medial end of clavicle (distal end of 1st rib)
Root of spine of scapula (T3)
Inferior angle of scapula (T7 standing/T6 prone)
Highest point of iliac crest (L4 SP)
PSIS (S2)

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2
Q

Spinal level/location of:
End of spinal cord (cona medullaris)
Subarachnoid space with CSF
Sternal angle
Xiphoid-sternal junction
Lung apex
Termination of abdominal aorta

A

End of spinal cord (L2)
Subarachnoid space with CSF (S3)
Sternal angle (2nd rib and body of T5)
Xiphoid-sternal junction (T9/T10)
Lung apex (behind medial 3rd of clavicle)
Termination of abdominal aorta (L4)

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3
Q

Head of radius articulates with:

A

Head of radius articulates with:
Capitulum of humerus

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4
Q

Proximal ulna (olecranon process) articulates with:

A 
Proximal ulna (olecranon process) articulates with: 
Trochlea of humerus
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5
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium* (*thumb side)

Sam Limped To Paris, He Cant Take Trains (bottom right, counterclockwise)

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6
Q

What structures make up the hard palate?

A

Anterior 3/5: Maxilla (palatine processes of maxilla)

Posterior 2/5: Palatine bone proper

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7
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found

clinical significance

A

Ribs, lines synovial joints
(Left over fetal skeleton)

(Costochondral junction = costochondritis, inflammation of hyaline)

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8
Q

What vertebrae are transverse foramen found in?

A

Cervical vertebrae only

(Where vertebral artery passes from C6 and up, but C7 still has the holes)

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9
Q

Which muscles attach to the supraglenoid and Infraglenoid tubercles

A

Supraglenoid: Longhead of biceps
Infraglenoid: Longhead of triceps

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10
Q

Label the foot bones

A
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11
Q

What is the function of the annular ligament

A

Holds the head of the radius

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12
Q

What muscles open the jaw

A

Digastric, lateral pterygoid (depress)

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13
Q

What muscles close the jaw

A

3

medial pterygoid, masseter + temporalis

(elevate jaw)

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14
Q

What innervates the muscles that open and close the jaw

A

CN 5 (V-3)

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15
Q

Where is the first intervertebral disk found

A

Between C2 and C3

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16
Q

Red vs White muscle fibers

A

Red: Slow twitch, low glycolytic capacity, high oxidative capacity
White: Fast twitch, high glycolytic capacity, low oxidative capacity

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17
Q

Isotonic vs isometric contraction

A

Isotonic: Force remains constant, muscle shortens during contraction (picking something up)

Isometric: Force increases during contraction, length of muscle remains constant (push on the floor of your house)

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18
Q

Skeletal muscle: Relaxation = Ca goes back into the ________ via ________

A

Skeletal muscle: Relaxation = Ca goes back into the (sarcoplasm) via (T-tubules)

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19
Q

Action potential length for skeletal vs cardiac muscle

A

Skeletal: 2-4ms
Cardiac: 200-400ms

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20
Q

What muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A

Coracobrachialis
Pec minor
Biceps

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21
Q

What muscles abduct the arm

A

Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Serratus anterior

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22
Q

What innervates:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

A

Supraspinatus - Suprascapular n.
Infraspinatus - Suprascapular n.
Teres minor - Axillary n.

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23
Q

What are the anterior, lateral, posterior, and medial components of the axillary region

A
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24
Q

Name the contents of the Anatomical Snuff Box

A

SABER

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25
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle, and what are the borders?

A

NAVL (lateral to medial)
Nerve, artery, vein, lymph chain

Borders: Add. longus, sartorius, inguinal ligament

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26
Q

Hip nerves

A

Anterior flexors: Femoral n.
Medial adductors: Obturator n.
Lateral abductors: Superior gluteal n.
Posterior extensors: Sciatic n. and inferior gluteal n.

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27
Q

Where do the lumbar and sacral plexus meet?

A

Sciatic nerve

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28
Q

Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis group) muscles

A 
SLI
Spinalis division (Thor, cerv, capitis)
Longissimus division (Thor, cerv, capitis) 
Iliocostalis division (Lumb, thor, cerv)
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29
Q

What innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

“C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive”

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30
Q

Exercise physiology

A
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31
Q

-noids

A

pointy, dont go into joints

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32
Q

what suture is between the frontol and parietal bones

A

coronal

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33
Q

what suture is between the two parts of the parietal bone

A

sagittal

34
Q

what suture is between the parietal and occipital bones

A

lamboidal

35
Q

whats the clivus

A

portion of occipital bone anterior to magnum foramen

36
Q

inion

A

EOP

37
Q

pteryon

A

meeting of sutures:
coronal
temporoparietal
sphenofrontal

38
Q

site of middle meningial artery

clinical significance

A

pteryon

thinnest part of side of skull; hit in side of head = rupture of artery/subdural hematoma

39
Q

what part of the sternum ossifies during teen years

A

xiphoid process

40
Q

Label the coronal sutures

A
41
Q

which vertebra have transverse foramens?

A

cervical

42
Q

the cruciate ligaments are named for____ and their anatomical actions are based on that of the ___

A

for their origin on the tibia, and their anatomical actions are based on that of the tibia

43
Q

lateral lower leg bone

A

fibula

44
Q

ALL is anterior in respect to what?

A

vertebral body

45
Q

Common Primary Bone Cancers

A

Chondrosarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

46
Q

Reactive Arthritis/Reiter’s Syndrome Etiology + Sx

A

Post Chlamydial infxn, male dominant

sx: urethritis, conjunctivitis, asymmetric lower extremity arthritis (can’t see, can’t pee, can’t dance with me)

47
Q

what divides the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck

contents of ant and post triangles

A

SCM

ant: lymph nodes, thyroid, cartilages
post: brachial plexus exit

48
Q

what is the most important structure located in the suboccipital triangle?

A

vertebral artery (AVOID needles; direct access to brain)

49
Q

what 3 muscles attach on the corocoid?

A

coracobrachialis

short head biceps

pec minor

50
Q

teres major vs minor; which attaches post and which ant humerus?

A

ant: major
post: minor

51
Q

thigh/hip flexors

A

iliacus

psoas

pectineus

rectus femoris

sartorius

52
Q

thigh/hip adductors

A

obturator

pectineus

gracilis

adductors (long, mag, brev)

53
Q

thigh/hip extensors

A

glut max

hamstrings (biceps femoris, semi tendinosus, semi membranosus)

54
Q

thigh/hip abductor muscles + nerve

A

gluteus med/min

TFL

55
Q

what CN supplies the digastric muscle

A

Ant = CN5

Post = CN7

56
Q

most common muscular dystrophy of children

A

duchennes MD

57
Q

duchennes muscular dystrophy etiology/sx

A

sex linked, males

muscle replaced by fat/pseudo-hypertophy of calves

gower’s sign+

death by 20 common

58
Q

most common dystrophy in adults

A

myotonic dystrophy (presents in adolescence with facial atrophy)

59
Q

congenital myopathies

A

due to hypotonia

non-progressive, unlike dystrophies

“floppy infant syndrome”

60
Q

myasthenia gravis etiology/sx

A

females, antibiodies to ACH receptors

fatigueability (worse exertion)

thymomas, thymic hyperplasia

tensilon test for dx

61
Q

acute exercise physiology

A

fight or flight response

inc HR, CV, CO

inc stress hormones (GH, glucagon, cortsiol), ADH, aldosterone, renin, epi

dec insulin

more blood in skeletal muscle

lipolysis, CHO sparing

pulmonary:

  • min 1: inc ventilation neuro signaling
  • over 1 min: CO2 controls ventilation (inc CO2 = inc ventilation)
  • phase 3: anaerobic threshold, blood lactate increase
62
Q

adaptive exercise physiology

A

inc heart efficiency, lower HR, higher SV, inc coronary circulation, inc oxidative capacity

hormone response lower

skeletal muscle (aerobic = inc mitochondrial content, strength = actin/myosin)

same metabolic changes, fatigue slower

inc remodeling and strength of bone/CT

63
Q

Glut max innervation

A

Inf gluteal n (L5-S2)

64
Q

Glut max actions

A

Thigh extension, ext rot, abduction, abduction

65
Q

glut med + min innervation

A

sup gluteal n (L4-S1)

66
Q

Glut med + min actions

A

Thigh abduction, internal rotation, pelvis stabilization

67
Q

TFL innervation

A

Sup gluteal n

68
Q

TFL action

A

Thigh internal rotation, leg ext rotation, stabilizes hip and knee

69
Q

Iliacus innervation

A

Femoral (L2-L4)

70
Q

Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor action

A

Thigh/trunk flexion, thigh ext rotation, trunk lateral flexion

71
Q

psoas major and minor innvervation

A

Ant rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

72
Q

Obturator externus innervation

A

Obturator n (L3,L4)

73
Q

Triceps coxae muscles and actions

A

Obturator internus

sup gemellus

inf gemellus

thigh ext rot, abduction, stabilized head of femur n acetabulum

74
Q

Obturator internus and sup gemellus innervation

A

Nerve to Obturator internus L5,S1

75
Q

Inf gemellus innvervation

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris L4-S1

76
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

N to piriformis S1-S2

77
Q

Piriformis action

A

Thigh ext rotation, abduction, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulu

78
Q

Quad femuris innervatin

A

N to quad femor is L4-S1

79
Q

Sartorius innvervation

A

Femoral nerve L2-L4

80
Q

Sartorius action

A

Thigh flexion, abduction, ext rotation, knee leg flexion, int rotation

81
Q

Quad femoris muscles and innervation

A

Rectus femoris

vastus intermedius

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

femoral nerve L2-L4

nplex (11 decks)

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