immune high yield Flashcards
stages of infxn
attachment
replication
spread
shedding/elimination
endotoxins
lipopolysaccharides
gram - and listeria monocytogenes
exotoxins
proteins
more toxic
all major gram+ except listeria
gram - (vibrio cholera, e coli, subgroups)
nosocomial vs iatrogenic
nosocomial: institute given
iatrogenic: provider given
host response to chronic viral infxn
reduced # circualting lymphocytes
host response to acute viral infxn
lymphocyte proliferation (inc)
reduction of PMNeutrophils in circulation
NK and cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells
infx cells produce interferons
humoral response > IgM/IgG
host response to acute bacterial infxn
inc neutrophils
lymphocyte dec
host response to chronic bacterial infxn
dec neutrophils
inc monocytes
fungal infxn
delayed hypersensitivty, cell mediated
bridge between nonspecific and specific immunity
phagocytes/APC
macrophages, monocytes, PMNs, eosinophils
temperature is
sum total of all mitochondrial activity
temp brain center
ant hypothalamus
what inc set point temp
pyrogens (cause of fever); inc production of IL-1 > hypothalamus
what dec set point temp
aspirin, via inhibiting cyclooxygenase
steroids
t cells mature in the
thymus
spleen role in immunity
detains and inactivates/kills antigens
mucosa/GALT role in immunity
enteroendocrine, IgA, peyer patch
t cell type of immunity
cell mediated
specific immunity cells
neutrophils monocytes(blood)/macrophages(tissues) basophils eosinophils Blymphocytes Tlymphocytes
B vs T cells
B cells: antibody immunity
T cells: CMI
compliment two pathways
classical (activated by antibody-antigen AGAB rxn)
alternate: goes AROUND AG/AB rxn, activates compliment cascade in middle (ct C3 locus) w/o AGAB rxn
alpha IF are made by what cells
leukocytes
alpha IF actions
inhibits cell (tumor) proliferation, enhances NK growth
beta IF are made by what cells
fibroblasts
gamma IF are made by what cells
T cells
gamma IF actions
activates NK, killer T cells activates macrophages (most effective)
TNF action
pro-inflammatory
IL-1 action and secretion
secreted by macrophages and monocytes
initiates responses; fever, t cell proliferation
IL-2 action and secretion
secreted by CD4 cells
promotes cellular immunity; t cell growth, b cell activation
IL4 action and secretion
secreted by CD4 cells
promotes humoral immunity; B+T growth, MHC expression on B cells, promotes production IgE, IgE
IL5 action and secretion
secreted by CD4 cells
promotes humoral immunity ; b cell and eosinophil growth
IL10 action and secretion
secreted by t cells
promotes humoral immunity; regulates immune response class
IL11 action and secretion
secreted by fibroblasts
megakaryocyte potentiator, stimulates IgG
MHC1
presents viral antigen to CD8 T lymphocytes, kiling virally infected cells and cancer cells
MHC2
docking protein on macrophage which hooks a CD4 T helper cell to the macrophage
haptens
incomplete antigens; unable to stimulate immune response alone
CD8 >
MHCI > CD8 > cytotoxic t cells, memory tc cells, suppressor T cells
CD4 >
MHCII > CD4 > helper t cells, memory Th cells
IgA rxn type
secretory
prevents bacteria, virus, toxins from attaching to mucosal linings
IgE rxn type
allergy; type I immediate hypersensitivty
allergies, parasites
IgM rxn type
first responder
acute infx, blood type transfusion rxns
IgG rxn type
long term
most common; focuses NK cells to targetrs
passive immunization (gamma globulin injection)
type I hypersensitivity rxn
IgE, anaphylaxis
type II hypersensitivity rxn
antibody mediated; goodpastures, glomerular antibody rxn
type III hypersensitivity rxn
immune complex mediated
ag/ab complexes activate compliment; serum sickness
type IV hypersensitivity rxn
delayed and cytotoxic types
skin test for TB immunity
what type of hypersensitivity rxn is autoimmunity
humoral (type I-III) cell mediated (IV)
digeorges syndrome
autoimmune; total absence of cell mediated immunity
thymus destroyed; selective t cell deficiency
scleroderma/systemic sclerosis
autoimmune response to unknown antigens
excessive collagen/fibrosis in microvasculature (skin, GI, kidneys, heart, lungs)
sjorgens
dry eyes and mouth from immunologically mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands
SLE (lupus)
autoimmune injury to skin, joints, kidney, serosal membranes
type III hypersensitivty immune complexes and type II auto antibodies
acute onset of chronic remitting and relapsing often febrile disease
dermatomyositis vs polymyositis
both inflammatory myopathies. dermatomyositis has skin involvement. both are lease common AI states
immunosuppression
loss/impairment of CD4 t cells
infxn of monocytes and macrophages
