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micro high yield Flashcards

1
Q

gram +

catalase +

A

staphs

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2
Q

gram +
catalase +
coagulase +

A

staph aureus

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3
Q

gram +
catalase +
coagulase -

A

staph epidermis

staph saprophyticus

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4
Q

gram +

catalase -

A

strep, enterococci

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5
Q

gram +
catalase -
partial/green hemolysis

A

strep pneumonae

strep viridians

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6
Q

gram +
catalase -
clear hemolysis

A 
strep pyogenes (A)
strep agalactae (B)
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7
Q

gram +
catalase -
NO hemolyssi

A

enterococcus

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8
Q

gram + cocci

A

staph
strep
enterococcus faecalis

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9
Q

streps

A

strep pyogenes (group A)
strep agalactae (group B)
strep pnemonae
strep viridians

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10
Q

staphs

A

staph aureus
staph epidermis
staph saprophyticus

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11
Q

gram + bacilli

A

bacillus
clostridium
corynebacterium diptheriae
listeria monocytogenes

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12
Q

bacillus’

A

bacillus anthracis

bacillus cerus

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13
Q

clostriduims

A

clostridium tetani
clostridium botulinum
clostridium perfringens
clostridium difficile

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14
Q

gram + rods

A

actinomyces israelii

nocardia asteroides

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15
Q

gram - cocci

A

neisseria

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16
Q

neisserias

A

neisseria meningitis

neisseria gonorrhae

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17
Q

gram - bacilli (enteric tract)

A 
klebsiella pnemonae
enterobacteri spp
seratia marcscens 
salmonella
shigella
e-coli
campylobacter jejuni
vibrio cholera
h pylori
proteus mirabilis
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18
Q

salmonellas

A

salmonella typhi

salmonella enteritidis

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19
Q

shigellas

A

shigella sonni

shigella dysenteriae

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20
Q

e-colis

A

EHEC (hemorrhagic)

ETEC (toxigenic)

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21
Q

gram - bacilli (respiratory tract)

A

bordatella pertussis
haemophilia influenzae
legionella pneumophilia
pseudomonas aeruginosa

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22
Q

gram - bacilli (zootonics)

A

bartonella henselae
brucella spp.
francisella tularensis
pasteurevella multocida

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23
Q

gram intermediates

A

mycobacteria (TB, leprae, avium)

spirochetes:
borrelia burgodorferi
leptospira interrogens
treponema pallidum

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24
Q

staph aureus

A 
grape cluster
gram + cocci
catalase +
coagulase +
beta hemolytic

impetigo, TSSS, wound/lung/bone infxn, scalded skin syndrome

enterotoxin food poisoning; 4 hrs later, last 24 hr

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25
Q

beta hemolytic

A

complete hemolysis; more of a pathologic problem

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26
Q

spore forming

A

bacillius

clostridium

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27
Q

staph epidermis

A

gram +
catalase +
coagulase -

surgical/wound infxn, subacute endocarditis

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28
Q

staph saprophyticus

A

gram +
catalase +
coagulase -

UTI

29
Q

strep pyogenes

A

gram +
catalase -
ASO titer+
beta hemolytic

impetigo, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, strep throat, necrotizing fascitis, TSS, RF, pyoderma, glomerulonephritis

30
Q

group A strep

A

strep pyogenes

31
Q

group B strep

A

strep agalactiae

32
Q

strep agalactae

A

gram +
catalase -
beta hemolytic

postpartum infxn in infant, neonatal sepsis and meningitis

cultured in vagina prior to delivery

33
Q

what test differentiates group A and B strep

34
Q

post strep rheumatic manifestations

A

joint, heart, kidneys, skin

35
Q

group D strep

A

enterococci; URI, needle stick risk

36
Q

strep pnemoniae

A

gram +
catalase -
alpha hemolytic

pnemonia, sinutitis, meningitis, otitis media, bacteremia

37
Q

strep viridans

A

gram +
catalase -
alpha hemolytic

endocarditis, bacteremia, dental caries

38
Q

neiserria gonorrhea

A

gram -
catalase +
oxidase +

ferments only glucose, stops immunity (IgA and phagocytosis)

urethritis, cervicitis, IgA

39
Q

neiserria meningitidis

A

gram -
catalase +
oxidase +

ferments glucose and maltose

meningitis: fever, N/V, HA/photophobia, purpuric trunk rash, nuchal rigidity (in adults), septicemia

waterhouse friederichsen syndrome (high fever, DIC, adrenal destruction)

pnemonia, arthritis, urethritis, pharyngitis

40
Q

most common neonatal

A

group B strep, ecoli

41
Q

all clostridial spp are ___ (aerobic, anaerobic)

42
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

gram +
spore forming
anaerobic

soil/food bourne, honey
neurotoxin; blocks cholinergic nerves, blocks Ach release; descending paralysis

43
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

gram +
spore forming
anaerobic

gas gangrene; myonecrosis, enterotoxic

44
Q

clostridium tetani

A

gram +
spore forming
anaerobic

tetanospasmin neurotoxin blocks inhibitory neurotransmision; inhibits glycine and GABA

45
Q

clostridium difficile

A

gram +
spore forming
anaerobic

pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea post antibiotic therapy (normal in colon, antibiotics kill all other bacteria so makes it patho)

46
Q

all bacillus are ___ (aeorbic/anaerobic)

A

aerobic/facultative anaerobe

47
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

gram +
spore forming
aerobic/facultative anaerobe

cutaneous: painless papule > black eschar
inhalation: imitates viral URI; highly fatal
GI: hemorrhage

48
Q

bacillus cereus

A

gram +
spore forming
aerobic/facultative anaerobe

GI and eye infxns

food poisoning in baked goods, traumatic eye infxn

49
Q

corynebacteriae diptheriae

A

gram +

skin, respiratory

viral URI > gray coating pharyngeal membrane > severe hemorrhage

50
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

gram +

pregnant women, neonates, elderly, immunocompromised

heart and brain

granulomotsis infatiseptica

replicates in macrophages and avoids Ab

51
Q

all bacillus are ___ (aeorbic/anaerobic)

A

aerobic/facultative anaerobe

52
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

gram +
spore forming
aerobic/facultative anaerobe

cutaneous: painless papule > black eschar
inhalation: imitates viral URI; highly fatal
GI: hemorrhage

53
Q

bacillus cereus

A

gram +
spore forming
aerobic/facultative anaerobe

GI and eye infxns

food poisoning in baked goods, traumatic eye infxn

54
Q

corynebacteriae diptheriae

A

gram +

skin: acne, wound infxn
respiratory: viral URI > gray coating pharyngeal membrane > severe hemorrhage

55
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

gram +

pregnant women, neonates, elderly, immunocompromised

heart and brain

granulomotsis infatiseptica; abcesses in organs

replicates in macrophages and avoids Ab

56
Q

gram - rods/bacilli are all

A

facultative anaerobes
glucose fermenters
oxidase -
reduce nitrates to generate energy

57
Q

escherichia coli

A

gram -
oxidase +
ferments lactose and glucose

septicemia, UTI*, gastroenteritis, neonatal meningitis (2nd after group B strep)

58
Q

1 cause of neonatal meningitis

A

group B strep

59
Q

ETEC vs EHEC

A

ETEC: toxigenic; small intestine, N/V/D, kids travelers diarrhea, 1-2 day incubation, 3-4 day dz

EHEC (0157:H7): hemorrhagic; verotoxin mediated, shigella like toxin, large intestine. hemorrhagic colitic, severe N/D, little or no fever. copious watery diarrhea > very bloody diarrhea. can transmit to other normal e coli flora. hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure

60
Q

salmonella typhi vs salmonella enteritidis

A

gram - rods/cocci
facultative anaerobes
glucose fermenters
oxidase -

typhi: thyphoid fever, H/A, malaise, remitting fever, 10-14 incubation. rigid belly, rose spots. can become carrier
enteritidis: food poisoning; acute onset acute resolution, onset 6-48 hours after eating. fever, N/V/D, cramping. resovles 2-7 days.

61
Q

shigella dysenteriae

A

gram -
facultative anaerobes
glucose fermenters
oxidase -

toxin mediated shiga toxin, lower abdominal cramps, blood/pus in stool, more aggressive than salmonella. transmitted 4 F’s Fingers Food Feces Flies

62
Q

watery profuse diarrhea, pronounced emesis, mild abd pain, no fever

A

staph aureus, clostridium perfringens

63
Q

watery profuse diarrhea, moderate emesis, mild abd pain, no fever

A

vibrio cholerae, ETEC

64
Q

variable watery diarrhea, mild emesis, moderate abdominal pain, variable fever

A

e coli, giardia

65
Q

variable bloody diarrhea, mild emesis, severe abdominal pain, mild fever

A

EHEC, clostridium difficile

66
Q

often bloody diarrhea, mild emesis, severe abdominal pain, moderate to high fever

A

slamonella, campylobacter, shigella, enteroinvasive e coli

67
Q

which organisms produce bloody diarrhea

A

EHEC, clostridium difficile, salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, enteroinvasive e coli

68
Q

infxn related kidney stones

nplex (11 decks)

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