MSK Flashcards
Pseudogout
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
(rhomboid-shaped)
(positively birefringent)
Calcific tendonitis
deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite
Gout
Monosodium urate (salt of uric acid)
Needle shaped negative birefringent crystals
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Mutation in dystrophin protein
Dystrophin links cytoskeleton (actin) to transmembrane proteins (alpha and beta dystrophiglycans) that are connected to the extracellular matrix.
Sjogren Syndrome - Histo
Periductal lymphocytic infiltration of labial glands
Paget disease of bone
Headache(bone remodeling)
Increased Serum Alkaline phosphatase
Progressive hip pain
Normal Calcium and Phosphorus
Osteosarcoma
MC primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults
Arises in metaphyses of long bones
Ewing sarcoma epidemiology
2nd MC primary bone malignancy in children
Ewing Sarcoma manifestations
Diaphysis of long bones (femur), pelvis
Localized pain and swelling
Met to lungs
Ewing Sarcoma Radiology
Poorly defined lytic lesion with “moth-eaten” appearance
Lamellated periosteal reaction (onion skinning)
Femoral Head blood supply
medial circumflex femoral artery
Ankylosing spondylitis Complications
Respiratory: Limit chest wall expansion
Cardio: Ascending aortitis
Eye: Anterior uveitis
Ankylosing sponylitis
Elevated ESR, CRP
Sacroiliitis (X-ray pelivis)
Bridging syndesmophytes (bamboo spine)
Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for
gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
an enzyme that carboxylates coagulation factors 2, 7, 9, 10
Posterior hip dislocation
Hip shortened, internally rotated
Sciatic nerve vulnerable
what can occur with dermatomyositis
can occur alone or as a paraneoplastic syndrome of underlying malignancy (MC adenocarcinoma)
Duchenne muscle dystrophy calf
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Calf muscles hypertrophy initially in response to proximal muscle weakness, they are later replaced by fat and connective tissue
systemic sclerosis involves
endothelial cells, t lymphocytes, and fibroblasts
Guyon canal
Between hook of hamate and pisiform bone
Traps ulnar nerve
