Immunology Flashcards
Hyperacute Rejection
Onset: Minutes to hours
Etiology: Preformed recipient antibodies against graft antigens
Hyperacute Rejection Morphology
Gross mottling and cyanosis
Arterial fibrinoid necrosis and capillary thrombotic occlusion
Acute Transplant Rejection
Onset: Usually <6 months
Etiology: Exposure to donor antigens induces activation of naive immune cells.
Predominantly cell-mediated
Cause: Host T-cell sensitization against graft MHC Antigens
Acute Transplant rejection Morphology
Cellular; lymphocytic interstitial infiltrate and endotheliitis
Humoral C4d deposition, neutrophilic infiltrate, necrotizing vasculitis
Chronic Transplant rejection
Onset: months to years
etiology: Chronic low grade immune response refractory to immunosuppression
Mixed cell mediated and humoral
Chronic transplant rejection Morphology
Vascular wall thickening and luminal narrowing
Interstitial fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy
Graft vs Host disease
Activation of donor T cells within grafted tissue against recipient (host) antigens
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Ataxia
Telangiectasias
sinopulmonary infections
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Oculocutaneous albinism
pyogenic infections
progressive neurologic dysfunction
Chronic granulomatous disease
Severe bacterial and fungal infections
granuloma formation
Digeorge Syndrome
Thymus doesn’t develop
Congenital heart disease
dysmorphic facies
hypocalcemia
Severe combined immunodeficiency
severe bacterial and viral infections in infancy
Chronic diarrhea
mucocutaneous candidiasis
Terminal complement deficiency
Recurrent Neisseria infection
Wiskott-aldrich syndrome
Recurrent infections that worsen with age
Easy bleeding (thombocytopenia)
Eczema
X-linked recessive
Transforming growth factor beta
Released by macrophages
Has anti-inflammatory roles in sepsis
-Release of IL-1 and TNF alpha
-Inhibit lymphocyte proliferation
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Mediated or sepsis
Acute phase cytokine produced by activated macrophage
Stimulates systemic inflammation via recruitment of additional leukocytes (neutrophils, macrophages)
Sepsis - Inflammatory response
IL-1
IL-6
TNF-alpha
Loratadine (pharm)
2nd generation antihistamine (H1)
Has less side affects than 1st generation
