MSAK lec - midterm 4 Flashcards
Skull & face bones, muscles
name the 8 cranium bones
parietal x2, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal x2, occipital, frontal
what is the roof of the cranium
calvarium
what is the floor of the cranium
base
neurocranium
roof and sides of the skull
basicranium
skull base
name the sutures of the calvarium
coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
by what age do the calvarium sutures normally close
30-40
when does the metopic suture fuse/become obliterated
fuses by 9 months, obliterated by age 7
what are fontanelles
membranous areas that have not yet ossified (found at birth)
by what ages do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close
2 yrs and 6 mo respectively
name the landmarks where the anterior and posterior fontanelles closed
bregma and lambda respectively
what fontanelles are babies born with
anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, mastoid
where is the squamous suture found
between the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone
name the synchondroses of the skull
spheno-ethmoidal, inter-sphenoidal, spheno-occipital, exo-basi-occipital, inter-occipital
which bones make up the cranial base
all cranial bones
name the 3 fossa on the cranial base
anterior (most shallow), middle, posterior (largest, deepest) cranial fossa
what is found in the anterior cranial fossa
frontal lobes
what is found in the middle cranial fossa
temporal lobes hypothalamus
what is found in the posterior cranial fossa
cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
the pterion is a joint between which bones, and where on the skull is it found
frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal. lateral aspect
what is the thinnest part of the skull
pterion
what can a pterion fracture cause
laceration of the medial meningeal artery, leading to epidural hematoma
where do the parietomastoid and the lambdoid sutures meet
asterion
describe the location of the superior and inferior temporal lines
on the walls of the cranium from anterior frontal bone to posterior parietal bone (only seen in lateral view)
which processes form the zygomatic arch
zygomatic process of temporal bone, temporal process of zygomatic bone
on which bone do we find the mastoid process, styloid process, and external auditory meatus
temporal
what are the 3 regions of the frontal bone
squamous (forehead), orbital surface (roof of orbit), nasal portion (superior to nasal bone)
where are the frontal sinuses located
between the supraorbital ridges and deep to the frontal eminence
what goes through the supraorbital/supracilliary notches
supraorbital nerve + vessels
name the bony landmark found between the arches of the supraorbital ridges
glabella
what do we see on the internal aspect of the frontal bone that cannot be seen externally
frontal crest, notch for ethmoid
where would you find the occipital crest
inferior to the EOP and perpendicular to the superior and inferior nuchal lines
what are wormian bones and on which bone are they found
intrasutural bone islands (vary person to person) and found on occipital bone
where is the jugular foramen found and what does it house
between occipital and temporal bones. L and R. cranial nn IX, X, XI and internal jugular vein go through
what goes through the foramen magnum
brain stem (spinal cord)
which cranial bone has grooves for venous sinuses
occiput (internal)
which feature of the occipital bone connects the foramen magnum with sella tursica
clivus
which portion of the occipital bone extends forward and upward from foramen magnum
basilar part
what connects the occipital, superior sagittal, and straight sinuses
confluence of venous sinuses
which bone joins with the frontal bone via the coronal suture
parietal
which bone has superior and inferior temporal lines
parietal bones
does the frontal bone have a sinus
yes
what are the 5 parts of the temporal bone
squamous, petramastoid, tympanic (external auditory miatus), zygomatic process, styloid process
which process of the temporal bone has sinuses
mastoid
which fossa do the temporal, frontal, parietal, zygomatic, and sphenoid bones form
temporal
which part of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and the 3 auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
petrous part
which membrane separates the internal and external auditory meatuses
tympanic membrane
which foramen is formed between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the occipital bone
jugular foramen
what are the holes in the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone called
olfactory foramina (olfactory nn/CN 1 function)
which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
which part of the ethmoid bone helps increase surface area in the nasal passage and warms/moistens air
superior and middle nasal conchae (inferior nasal conchae is its own bone)
which bone is sella turcica part of and what does it house
sphenoid, pituitary gland
which bony landmark on the sphenoid bone unites the lesser wings at the midline
jugum
which bony landmark on the sphenoid bone is surrounded by anterior and posterior clinoid processes
sella turcica
besides the sphenoid, which other bone forms the sella turcica
occipital
name the bony landmark of the occipital bone that forms part of sella turcica
clivus
which foramen between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone do CN III, IV, V1, VI pass through
superior orbital fissure
which foramen is between sphenoid and maxilla in the orbit, that CN V2 passes through
inferior orbital fissure
which foramen/canal is in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
optic foramen/canal
which nerve goes through the optic canal along with the opthalmic artery
optic nerve (CN II)
which foramen is between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale, that CN V2 goes through
foramen rotundum
which foramen is in the greater wing of sphenoid between foramen rotundum and foramen spinosum that CN V3 goes through
forament ovale
which foramen is in the greater wing of sphenoid, that CN V3 AND the middle meningeal artery go through
foramen spinosum
which foramen does the carotid artery pass over the surface of
foramen lacerum
which bone is the carotid canal (which houses the internal carotid artery) found on
temporal
neurocranium refers to the bones of the skull. how do we refer to the bones in the face?
viscerocranium
which are the 2 unpaired bones of the face
vomer, mandible
name the suture that unites the upper jawbones (maxilla) at the midline
intermaxillary suture
which facial bone does maxilla NOT articulate with
mandible
which bone contributes to the floor of the orbit, lateral wall and floor of the nasal cavity, and hard palate of mouth?
maxilla
which process of the maxilla contains the dental alveoli for the upper teeth
alveolar process
which part of the maxilla articulates with the zygomatic bone
zygomatic process
which process of the maxilla fits into the nasal notch of frontal bone and forms part of the lateral boundary of the nose
frontal process
which foramen on the maxilla houses blood vessels and CN V2
infraorbital foramen
which part of the hard palate does the maxilla contribute to
anterior part
what does the maxillary sinus empty into
nasal cavity
which bone is the anterior nasal spine on
maxilla
which bone is the inferior orbital foramen on
maxilla
which L-shaped bone forms the posterior hard palate, the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the floor of the orbit
palatine
which bone separates oral and nasal cavities
palatine
what condition results when the palatine processes of maxilla bones fail to unite around 10-12 weeks embryonic
cleft palate
which bone forms the inferior portion of nasal septum along with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid
vomer
which bone articulates superiorly with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, and sphenoid
vomer
which bone articulates inferiorly with the midline of maxilla and palatine bones
vomer
is the nasal bone part of the orbit?
no
which are the smallest bones of the face
lacrimal bones
which 2 bones form the nasolacrimal canal, which houses lacrimal sacs for tears to drain into nasal cavity
lacrimal and maxilla bones
which bone forms the inferior lateral wall of nasal cavity
inferior nasal conchae (ethmoid bone has the superior and middle nasal conchae)
which bones form the lateral wall and floor of the orbit
zygomatic bones
which bone has processes that articulate with frontal, maxilla, and temporal bones
zygomatic
what makes up the zygomatic arch
temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
which bones make up the bony orbit? (PLES Feed My Zebra)
palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla, zygomatic
the cavities found within frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla bones are called…
paranasal sinuses
what are the paranasal sinuses adjacent to
nasal cavity
what is the condition when the mucus membranes of the nasal cavity are inflamed
sinusitis
which sinuses have an affect on voice/speech, and increase in size when teeth erupt and in puberty
paranasal sinuses
condylar, coronoid, and alveolar processes belong to which facial bone
mandible
what does the mental foramen of the mandible house
blood vessels and nerves to teeth
which foramen is found on the medial side of each ramus (mandible) and houses the inferior alveolar nerves
mandibular foramen/canal
which fibrocartilaginous joint unites the 2 halves of the mandible in utero and becomes ossified at age 2
mandibular symphisis
what is formed by the mental protuberance (prominent midline portion of chin) and mental tubercles (prominent lateral portions on either side of the protuberance)
mental trigon
which facial bone has attachments for temporalis, masseter, triangularis/depressor anguli oris, platysma, mentalis, buccinator
mandible
which bony landmark found internally on the mandible is known as the tongue of the mandibular foramen
lingula
which joint is between the convex condyle of the mandible and the concave glenoid/mandibular fossa/notch of the temporal bone
TMJ
how many synovial cavities does TMJ have
2 separated by an articular disk
what is the 3rd surface for articulation of the TMJ, aside from the head of the condyle (mandible) and the mandibular/glenoid fossa (temporal)
articular tubercle of temporal bone
which TMJ ligament runs from zygomatic arch to neck of mandible
temporomandibular/lateral ligament
which TMJ ligament supports the weight of the jaw and limits protrusion
stylomandibular ligament
which TMJ ligament has a passive role in support
sphenomandibular ligament
nerve pain in the face usually results from what
trigeminal neuralgia
Bell’s palsy is caused by trauma to which cranial nerve
CN VII (facial nerve)
what are the major muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid
which muscle group is innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
muscles of mastication
which is the most powerful muscle of mastication
masseter
which muscles of mastication contralaterally deviate the mandible
medial and lateral pterygoid
which muscles of mastication elevate the mandible
masseter, medial pterygoid and temporalis
which is the only muscle of mastication that does not protract the mandible
temporalis
which muscles of mastication retract the mandible
masseter and temporalis
which muscle of mastication is the major protractor
lateral pterygoid
which muscle of mastication has fibres running horizontally
lateral pterygoid
which 2 muscles form a sling that supports the mandible
masseter and medial pterygoid
which muscles of the tongue have transverse, vertical, and superior and inferior longitudinal bands
intrinsic tongue muscles
what are the extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus
which extrinsic tongue muscle protrudes the tongue
genioglossus
which extrinsic tongue muscles elevate and retract the tongue
styloglossus, palatoglossus
which extrinsic tongue muscle depresses and retracts the tongue
hyoglossus
which is the only facial muscle not innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
levator palpebrae superioris
which 2 muscles form the epicranius when combined
occipitofrontalis and temporparietalis
what is the sheetlike fascia of the scalp that all scalp muscles attach to
gallea aponeurotica
which group of muscles move the scalp, ears, and eyebrows
scalp muscles
what are the actions of occipitofrontalis
draws scalp anteriorly and posteriorly, raises the eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin
which muscle contributes to surprise
occipitofrontalis
which muscle is superficial to temporalis and elevates the ear (and tightens the scalp)
temporoparietalis
which scalp muscle has an anterior, posterior, and superior
auricularis
name the 3 parts of orbicularis oculi
orbital/outer, palpebral/inner, lacrimal/medial
which muscle does frowning
corrugator supercilli
which part of the nasalis muscle constricts and which part flares/dilates the nostrils
transverse part constricts, alar part dilates
which is the most superior, superficial nasal muscle that wrinkles the skin of the nose up and draws down the medial eyebrow
procerus
name another nostril constrictor that originates from the incisive fossa of maxilla and inserts on nasal septum and alar cartilage
depressor septi nasi
what is the action of depressor septi nasi
constricts nostrils
which muscles attach on the modiolus of the mouth
zygomaticus major, risorius, levator/depressor anguli oris, orbicularis orbis
what is the kiss muscle called
orbicularis oris
which muscle compresses the cheeks against teeth and originates from mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes
buccinator
which muscle does a wide smile
risorius
a bifid _____ muscle results in dimples
zygomaticus major
which of the zygomaticus muscles insert on the modiolus
major
which of the zygomaticus muscles only acts on the upper lip, not the angle
minor
what actions do zygomaticus minor and levator labii superioris and levator labii superioris aleaque nasi have on the upper lip
elevate and evert
does levator labii superioris aleaque nasi constrict or flare the nostrils
flares
which is the vampire muscle that does a sneer unilaterally
levator anguli oris
which are the frown muscles
depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris
which muscle pouts (everts, protrudes, and elevates lower lip)
mentalis
which muscle draws up the skin of chest and neck, creating ridges in the neck skin
platysma
