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MSAK > MSAK lec - midterm 4 > Flashcards

MSAK lec - midterm 4 Flashcards

Skull & face bones, muscles

1
Q

name the 8 cranium bones

A

parietal x2, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal x2, occipital, frontal

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2
Q

what is the roof of the cranium

A

calvarium

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3
Q

what is the floor of the cranium

A

base

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4
Q

neurocranium

A

roof and sides of the skull

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5
Q

basicranium

A

skull base

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6
Q

name the sutures of the calvarium

A

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

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7
Q

by what age do the calvarium sutures normally close

A

30-40

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8
Q

when does the metopic suture fuse/become obliterated

A

fuses by 9 months, obliterated by age 7

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9
Q

what are fontanelles

A

membranous areas that have not yet ossified (found at birth)

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10
Q

by what ages do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close

A

2 yrs and 6 mo respectively

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11
Q

name the landmarks where the anterior and posterior fontanelles closed

A

bregma and lambda respectively

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12
Q

what fontanelles are babies born with

A

anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, mastoid

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13
Q

where is the squamous suture found

A

between the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone

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14
Q

name the synchondroses of the skull

A

spheno-ethmoidal, inter-sphenoidal, spheno-occipital, exo-basi-occipital, inter-occipital

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15
Q

which bones make up the cranial base

A

all cranial bones

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16
Q

name the 3 fossa on the cranial base

A

anterior (most shallow), middle, posterior (largest, deepest) cranial fossa

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17
Q

what is found in the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal lobes

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18
Q

what is found in the middle cranial fossa

A

temporal lobes hypothalamus

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19
Q

what is found in the posterior cranial fossa

A

cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

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20
Q

the pterion is a joint between which bones, and where on the skull is it found

A

frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal. lateral aspect

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21
Q

what is the thinnest part of the skull

A

pterion

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22
Q

what can a pterion fracture cause

A

laceration of the medial meningeal artery, leading to epidural hematoma

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23
Q

where do the parietomastoid and the lambdoid sutures meet

A

asterion

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24
Q

describe the location of the superior and inferior temporal lines

A

on the walls of the cranium from anterior frontal bone to posterior parietal bone (only seen in lateral view)

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25
Q

which processes form the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic process of temporal bone, temporal process of zygomatic bone

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26
Q

on which bone do we find the mastoid process, styloid process, and external auditory meatus

A

temporal

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27
Q

what are the 3 regions of the frontal bone

A

squamous (forehead), orbital surface (roof of orbit), nasal portion (superior to nasal bone)

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28
Q

where are the frontal sinuses located

A

between the supraorbital ridges and deep to the frontal eminence

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29
Q

what goes through the supraorbital/supracilliary notches

A

supraorbital nerve + vessels

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30
Q

name the bony landmark found between the arches of the supraorbital ridges

A

glabella

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31
Q

what do we see on the internal aspect of the frontal bone that cannot be seen externally

A

frontal crest, notch for ethmoid

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32
Q

where would you find the occipital crest

A

inferior to the EOP and perpendicular to the superior and inferior nuchal lines

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33
Q

what are wormian bones and on which bone are they found

A

intrasutural bone islands (vary person to person) and found on occipital bone

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34
Q

where is the jugular foramen found and what does it house

A

between occipital and temporal bones. L and R. cranial nn IX, X, XI and internal jugular vein go through

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35
Q

what goes through the foramen magnum

A

brain stem (spinal cord)

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36
Q

which cranial bone has grooves for venous sinuses

A

occiput (internal)

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37
Q

which feature of the occipital bone connects the foramen magnum with sella tursica

A

clivus

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38
Q

which portion of the occipital bone extends forward and upward from foramen magnum

A

basilar part

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39
Q

what connects the occipital, superior sagittal, and straight sinuses

A

confluence of venous sinuses

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40
Q

which bone joins with the frontal bone via the coronal suture

A

parietal

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41
Q

which bone has superior and inferior temporal lines

A

parietal bones

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42
Q

does the frontal bone have a sinus

A

yes

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43
Q

what are the 5 parts of the temporal bone

A

squamous, petramastoid, tympanic (external auditory miatus), zygomatic process, styloid process

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44
Q

which process of the temporal bone has sinuses

A

mastoid

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45
Q

which fossa do the temporal, frontal, parietal, zygomatic, and sphenoid bones form

A

temporal

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46
Q

which part of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and the 3 auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

A

petrous part

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47
Q

which membrane separates the internal and external auditory meatuses

A

tympanic membrane

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48
Q

which foramen is formed between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the occipital bone

A

jugular foramen

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49
Q

what are the holes in the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone called

A

olfactory foramina (olfactory nn/CN 1 function)

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50
Q

which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

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51
Q

which part of the ethmoid bone helps increase surface area in the nasal passage and warms/moistens air

A

superior and middle nasal conchae (inferior nasal conchae is its own bone)

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52
Q

which bone is sella turcica part of and what does it house

A

sphenoid, pituitary gland

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53
Q

which bony landmark on the sphenoid bone unites the lesser wings at the midline

A

jugum

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54
Q

which bony landmark on the sphenoid bone is surrounded by anterior and posterior clinoid processes

A

sella turcica

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55
Q

besides the sphenoid, which other bone forms the sella turcica

A

occipital

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56
Q

name the bony landmark of the occipital bone that forms part of sella turcica

A

clivus

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57
Q

which foramen between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone do CN III, IV, V1, VI pass through

A

superior orbital fissure

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58
Q

which foramen is between sphenoid and maxilla in the orbit, that CN V2 passes through

A

inferior orbital fissure

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59
Q

which foramen/canal is in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

A

optic foramen/canal

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60
Q

which nerve goes through the optic canal along with the opthalmic artery

A

optic nerve (CN II)

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61
Q

which foramen is between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale, that CN V2 goes through

A

foramen rotundum

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62
Q

which foramen is in the greater wing of sphenoid between foramen rotundum and foramen spinosum that CN V3 goes through

A

forament ovale

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63
Q

which foramen is in the greater wing of sphenoid, that CN V3 AND the middle meningeal artery go through

A

foramen spinosum

64
Q

which foramen does the carotid artery pass over the surface of

A

foramen lacerum

65
Q

which bone is the carotid canal (which houses the internal carotid artery) found on

A

temporal

66
Q

neurocranium refers to the bones of the skull. how do we refer to the bones in the face?

A

viscerocranium

67
Q

which are the 2 unpaired bones of the face

A

vomer, mandible

68
Q

name the suture that unites the upper jawbones (maxilla) at the midline

A

intermaxillary suture

69
Q

which facial bone does maxilla NOT articulate with

A

mandible

70
Q

which bone contributes to the floor of the orbit, lateral wall and floor of the nasal cavity, and hard palate of mouth?

A

maxilla

71
Q

which process of the maxilla contains the dental alveoli for the upper teeth

A

alveolar process

72
Q

which part of the maxilla articulates with the zygomatic bone

A

zygomatic process

73
Q

which process of the maxilla fits into the nasal notch of frontal bone and forms part of the lateral boundary of the nose

A

frontal process

74
Q

which foramen on the maxilla houses blood vessels and CN V2

A

infraorbital foramen

75
Q

which part of the hard palate does the maxilla contribute to

A

anterior part

76
Q

what does the maxillary sinus empty into

A

nasal cavity

77
Q

which bone is the anterior nasal spine on

A

maxilla

78
Q

which bone is the inferior orbital foramen on

A

maxilla

79
Q

which L-shaped bone forms the posterior hard palate, the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the floor of the orbit

A

palatine

80
Q

which bone separates oral and nasal cavities

A

palatine

81
Q

what condition results when the palatine processes of maxilla bones fail to unite around 10-12 weeks embryonic

A

cleft palate

82
Q

which bone forms the inferior portion of nasal septum along with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid

A

vomer

83
Q

which bone articulates superiorly with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, and sphenoid

A

vomer

84
Q

which bone articulates inferiorly with the midline of maxilla and palatine bones

A

vomer

85
Q

is the nasal bone part of the orbit?

A

no

86
Q

which are the smallest bones of the face

A

lacrimal bones

87
Q

which 2 bones form the nasolacrimal canal, which houses lacrimal sacs for tears to drain into nasal cavity

A

lacrimal and maxilla bones

88
Q

which bone forms the inferior lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

inferior nasal conchae (ethmoid bone has the superior and middle nasal conchae)

89
Q

which bones form the lateral wall and floor of the orbit

A

zygomatic bones

90
Q

which bone has processes that articulate with frontal, maxilla, and temporal bones

A

zygomatic

91
Q

what makes up the zygomatic arch

A

temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

92
Q
A
93
Q

which bones make up the bony orbit? (PLES Feed My Zebra)

A

palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla, zygomatic

94
Q

the cavities found within frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla bones are called…

A

paranasal sinuses

95
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses adjacent to

A

nasal cavity

96
Q

what is the condition when the mucus membranes of the nasal cavity are inflamed

A

sinusitis

97
Q

which sinuses have an affect on voice/speech, and increase in size when teeth erupt and in puberty

A

paranasal sinuses

98
Q

condylar, coronoid, and alveolar processes belong to which facial bone

A

mandible

99
Q

what does the mental foramen of the mandible house

A

blood vessels and nerves to teeth

100
Q

which foramen is found on the medial side of each ramus (mandible) and houses the inferior alveolar nerves

A

mandibular foramen/canal

101
Q

which fibrocartilaginous joint unites the 2 halves of the mandible in utero and becomes ossified at age 2

A

mandibular symphisis

102
Q

what is formed by the mental protuberance (prominent midline portion of chin) and mental tubercles (prominent lateral portions on either side of the protuberance)

A

mental trigon

103
Q

which facial bone has attachments for temporalis, masseter, triangularis/depressor anguli oris, platysma, mentalis, buccinator

A

mandible

104
Q

which bony landmark found internally on the mandible is known as the tongue of the mandibular foramen

A

lingula

105
Q

which joint is between the convex condyle of the mandible and the concave glenoid/mandibular fossa/notch of the temporal bone

A

TMJ

106
Q

how many synovial cavities does TMJ have

A

2 separated by an articular disk

107
Q

what is the 3rd surface for articulation of the TMJ, aside from the head of the condyle (mandible) and the mandibular/glenoid fossa (temporal)

A

articular tubercle of temporal bone

108
Q

which TMJ ligament runs from zygomatic arch to neck of mandible

A

temporomandibular/lateral ligament

109
Q

which TMJ ligament supports the weight of the jaw and limits protrusion

A

stylomandibular ligament

110
Q

which TMJ ligament has a passive role in support

A

sphenomandibular ligament

111
Q

nerve pain in the face usually results from what

A

trigeminal neuralgia

112
Q

Bell’s palsy is caused by trauma to which cranial nerve

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

113
Q

what are the major muscles of mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid

114
Q

which muscle group is innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

A

muscles of mastication

115
Q

which is the most powerful muscle of mastication

A

masseter

116
Q

which muscles of mastication contralaterally deviate the mandible

A

medial and lateral pterygoid

117
Q

which muscles of mastication elevate the mandible

A

masseter, medial pterygoid and temporalis

118
Q

which is the only muscle of mastication that does not protract the mandible

A

temporalis

119
Q

which muscles of mastication retract the mandible

A

masseter and temporalis

120
Q

which muscle of mastication is the major protractor

A

lateral pterygoid

121
Q

which muscle of mastication has fibres running horizontally

A

lateral pterygoid

122
Q

which 2 muscles form a sling that supports the mandible

A

masseter and medial pterygoid

123
Q

which muscles of the tongue have transverse, vertical, and superior and inferior longitudinal bands

A

intrinsic tongue muscles

124
Q

what are the extrinsic tongue muscles

A

genioglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus

125
Q

which extrinsic tongue muscle protrudes the tongue

A

genioglossus

126
Q

which extrinsic tongue muscles elevate and retract the tongue

A

styloglossus, palatoglossus

127
Q

which extrinsic tongue muscle depresses and retracts the tongue

A

hyoglossus

128
Q

which is the only facial muscle not innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)

A

levator palpebrae superioris

129
Q

which 2 muscles form the epicranius when combined

A

occipitofrontalis and temporparietalis

130
Q

what is the sheetlike fascia of the scalp that all scalp muscles attach to

A

gallea aponeurotica

131
Q

which group of muscles move the scalp, ears, and eyebrows

A

scalp muscles

132
Q

what are the actions of occipitofrontalis

A

draws scalp anteriorly and posteriorly, raises the eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin

133
Q

which muscle contributes to surprise

A

occipitofrontalis

134
Q

which muscle is superficial to temporalis and elevates the ear (and tightens the scalp)

A

temporoparietalis

135
Q

which scalp muscle has an anterior, posterior, and superior

A

auricularis

136
Q

name the 3 parts of orbicularis oculi

A

orbital/outer, palpebral/inner, lacrimal/medial

137
Q

which muscle does frowning

A

corrugator supercilli

138
Q

which part of the nasalis muscle constricts and which part flares/dilates the nostrils

A

transverse part constricts, alar part dilates

139
Q

which is the most superior, superficial nasal muscle that wrinkles the skin of the nose up and draws down the medial eyebrow

A

procerus

140
Q

name another nostril constrictor that originates from the incisive fossa of maxilla and inserts on nasal septum and alar cartilage

A

depressor septi nasi

141
Q

what is the action of depressor septi nasi

A

constricts nostrils

142
Q

which muscles attach on the modiolus of the mouth

A

zygomaticus major, risorius, levator/depressor anguli oris, orbicularis orbis

143
Q

what is the kiss muscle called

A

orbicularis oris

144
Q

which muscle compresses the cheeks against teeth and originates from mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes

A

buccinator

145
Q

which muscle does a wide smile

A

risorius

146
Q

a bifid _____ muscle results in dimples

A

zygomaticus major

147
Q

which of the zygomaticus muscles insert on the modiolus

A

major

148
Q

which of the zygomaticus muscles only acts on the upper lip, not the angle

A

minor

149
Q

what actions do zygomaticus minor and levator labii superioris and levator labii superioris aleaque nasi have on the upper lip

A

elevate and evert

150
Q

does levator labii superioris aleaque nasi constrict or flare the nostrils

A

flares

151
Q

which is the vampire muscle that does a sneer unilaterally

A

levator anguli oris

152
Q

which are the frown muscles

A

depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris

153
Q

which muscle pouts (everts, protrudes, and elevates lower lip)

A

mentalis

154
Q

which muscle draws up the skin of chest and neck, creating ridges in the neck skin

A

platysma

155
Q
A

MSAK (11 decks)

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