MS-RESPI Flashcards
Condition caused by excessive (+) pressure in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
A/E of Pneumothorax:
ARDS
Cardinal sign of Pneumothorax:
• Absent/decreased breath sound in either 1 or 2 lungs
• Bilateral/asymmetrical chest movement
It is d/t multiple blunt trauma or rib fracture leading to a loose chest wall
Flail chest
Cardinal sign of flail chest
Paradoxical breathing
Most common type of Pneumothorax
Closed (Spontaneous/Simple)
Leading risk factor of closed pneumothorax
Ruptured bleb/bullae
Primary management for closed pneumothorax
Thoracentesis
What needle gauge is used for thoracentesis
G14-16
It is due to open chest wound/cavity from a penetrating trauma
Open pneumothorax
What sound does an open pneumothorax produces
Sucking and blowing sound
Things to watch out for in tension pneumothorax
Tracheal deviation and mediastinal shift
Most dangerous/threatening type of pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax
Causes of tension pneumothorax
Human error and physiological factor
Leading factor of COPD
Smoking/Vaping
What enzyme is decreased in COPD
A1A (Alpha 1 antitrypsin)
COPD: Primary area affected is the alveoli (acinar)
Emphysema
COPD: Primary area affected is the alveoli (acinar)
Emphysema
COPD: Primary area affected bronchus and bronchioles
Chronic bronchitis
Pink-puffers
Emphysema
Blue bloaters
Chronic bronchitis
What causes blushing of cheeks in pink puffers
Polycythemia
Cardinal sign: Barrel chest
Emphysema
What acid base imbalance happens in emphysema
Respiratory acidosis
What is the normal AP diameter?
1:2
What is an abnormal AP diameter
2:2
2:1
What to watch out for in emphysema
Pneumothorax
What causes blue bloating in Chronic bronchitis
Cyanosis
What causes inflammation in Acute Bronchitis
Bacteria
What causes Chronic bronchitis
Decreased elasticity
Cardinal sign of Chronic bronchitis
Chronic excessive cough
A non-productive cough is a _____ sign of Chronic bronchitis
Late
A productive cough is an _____ sign of Chronic bronchitis
Early
What test is used to determine finger clubbing
Diamond test / Window test
Confirmatory test for COPD
Spirometry
Confirmatory test for COPD
Spirometry
FVC ratio for COPD
< 70%
COPD: O2sat
88-92%