MS Part 2 Flashcards
What are the primary goals of Disease-Modifying Therapy (DMT) in managing MS?
To reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses, delay progression of disability, and limit inflammation in the CNS.
How does early initiation of DMT benefit patients with MS?
It helps to reduce the severity of the disease, protect quality of life, and prevent further CNS damage.
When treating an acute relapse in MS, what are the roles of steroids like Methylprednisolone?
Steroids limit the inflammatory process and shorten the duration of an acute relapse.
How should a physical therapist approach the management of spasticity in a patient with MS?
Through stretching, functional training, botox injections, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Why is it important to include both exercise and medication in the management of fatigue in MS patients?
Exercise and education are more effective than medication alone, as they help manage fatigue and improve overall physical function.
How can visual and auditory cues help patients with MS experiencing ataxia?
They enhance movement awareness, compensating for proprioceptive and sensory deficits.
What is the role of plasmapheresis in managing acute MS relapses?
Plasmapheresis is used to enhance recovery from acute relapses by removing harmful immune components from the blood.
How can a physical therapist help manage tremors in MS patients?
By using deep brain stimulation, proprioceptive loading, or weighted devices (e.g., wrist cuffs, vests) to improve movement control.
What non-pharmacological strategies can help manage MS-related depression?
Complementary therapies like mindfulness, yoga, and regular exercise can help alleviate stress and depression.
How can pelvic health physical therapy benefit MS patients with bladder and bowel impairments?
Pelvic health PT can help regulate bladder and bowel function, improving quality of life.
What should be the primary focus of PT intervention in patients with MS?
Maximizing function, preserving strength and aerobic capacity, managing spasticity, and educating patients about fatigue management.
How should a PT assess fatigue in MS patients during an examination?
By evaluating the frequency, duration, severity of fatigue, and using fatigue scales like the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.
Why is it important to promote static control in MS patients with postural impairments?
Static control improves postural stability in weight-bearing positions, which helps with functional mobility and balance.
What tools can be used to evaluate balance and gait in patients with MS?
Modified CTSIB, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, and the TUG test are common measures.
How should a PT address mobility impairments caused by spasticity in MS patients?
By providing stretching, splinting, and functional training to maintain mobility and prevent further contractures.
What are some exercise recommendations for MS patients to prevent overheating during sessions?
Exercise in the morning, use air conditioning, cooling suits, and stay hydrated to avoid fatigue and heat sensitivity.
How does proprioceptive loading help improve movement control in patients with ataxia?
By applying light resistance (cuff weights, weighted vest), it increases awareness of limb movement and reduces tremors.
What modifications can be made for an MS patient with high fatigue during physical therapy?
Incorporating energy conservation strategies, activity pacing, and rest periods during therapy sessions.
Why is it important for patients with MS to avoid exercising to the point of fatigue?
Exercising to fatigue can worsen symptoms like increased weakness and decrease patient motivation.
How should a PT assess cognitive impairments in MS patients?
Using tools like MMSE, MOCA, or dual-task assessments to measure cognitive function and attention.
What is the purpose of the Modified Ashworth Scale in MS patients?
To assess spasticity levels in the upper and lower limbs and guide spasticity management interventions.
How should PTs address vestibular dysfunction in MS patients?
By focusing on dizziness, vertigo, and balance training, including sensory integration techniques.
What type of strengthening exercises are recommended for MS patients with spasticity?
Functional training such as sit-stand, bridges, and resistance training with tactile feedback for safety.
Why is proprioceptive training essential in MS patients with balance deficits?
It enhances movement coordination and awareness, particularly in patients with sensory or cerebellar ataxia.
How can energy conservation strategies be implemented in daily activities for MS patients?
By modifying tasks or the environment, such as using assistive devices like motorized scooters to reduce energy expenditure.
What are some heat management strategies to prevent overheating during physical activities for MS patients?
Using cooling devices like cooling vests, neck wraps, and ensuring exercise environments are cool and comfortable.
How can caregivers assist in preventing skin injuries in patients with MS who have limited mobility?
By regularly repositioning patients, inspecting skin for redness, and using pressure-relief techniques every 2 hours.
What role does assistive technology play in maintaining independence for patients with progressive MS?
Assistive devices like AFOs, walkers, or powered wheelchairs can maintain mobility and help manage fatigue.
