MS Management Flashcards
What are Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMT) for MS?
DMTs reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses and delay the progression of disability.
How do DMTs affect the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
DMTs help heal the BBB, preventing immune cells from entering the CNS and causing inflammation.
What are the common treatments for acute relapses?
Steroids like Methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis are common treatments for acute relapses.
How is spasticity managed in MS patients?
Spasticity is managed with medications like Baclofen, Botox injections, and stretching exercises.
What are the side effects of steroids used for MS relapses?
Steroid side effects include increased blood pressure, fluid retention, hyperglycemia, acne, and insomnia.
What medications are used for spasticity management in MS?
Oral medications like Baclofen, Dantrium, and Botox injections are used for spasticity management.
How is neuropathic pain treated in MS patients?
Tricyclic antidepressants are helpful for neuropathic pain, and anti-inflammatories can manage pain from spasticity.
What is the role of exercise in managing fatigue in MS?
Exercise has been shown to be more effective than medication in managing MS fatigue.
How can depression and anxiety be managed in MS patients?
Medications like Prozac, along with complementary therapies like meditation, yoga, and exercise, can help.
What bladder and bowel impairments are seen in MS, and how are they managed?
Bladder and bowel dysfunction can be managed with medication and pelvic health physical therapy.
What are the primary goals of physical therapy for MS patients?
Maximize function, improve strength and flexibility, manage spasticity, and educate patients on fatigue management.
How can stretching and ROM exercises benefit MS patients?
Stretching and ROM exercises help counteract spasticity and maintain joint motion.
How do cooling strategies help with thermosensitivity during exercise?
Cooling vests, fans, and cool water immersion can help prevent overheating during exercise.
How does physical therapy manage fatigue in MS patients?
PT teaches energy conservation strategies and activity pacing to balance activity with rest.
What tools are used to assess fatigue in MS patients?
The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale is commonly used to assess fatigue in MS patients.
How are balance and postural impairments managed in MS patients?
PT focuses on postural control exercises, static and dynamic balance, and reactive balance training.
What are proprioceptive loading techniques, and how are they used to improve movement control in MS patients?
Proprioceptive loading uses light resistance, like cuff weights, to improve movement control and reduce tremors.
How are gait impairments like foot drop and ataxia addressed in MS?
Gait training, proprioceptive loading, and visual cues are used to improve gait impairments like foot drop and ataxia.
What intensity levels are recommended for aerobic exercise in MS patients?
Submaximal intensity (60-80% max HR) or using the Borg RPE scale (11-13) is recommended.
How can strength training benefit MS patients, and what exercises are recommended?
Strength training improves function; exercises like bird dogs, sit-stands, and resistance band exercises are recommended.
Why is it important to balance exercise with rest for MS patients?
Exercising to the point of fatigue can worsen symptoms, so rest periods are essential.
How does thermosensitivity affect exercise performance in MS patients?
Thermosensitivity can cause fatigue and worsening symptoms during exercise, requiring cooling strategies.
What modifications should be made for exercise in patients with MS experiencing exacerbations?
Exercise should be paused during exacerbations, and restarted once the patient’s condition stabilizes.
What is the Borg RPE scale, and how is it used for exercise in MS patients?
The Borg RPE scale helps monitor exercise intensity, aiming for 11-13 early in training and 15-17 as tolerated.
What are the benefits of group exercise for MS patients?
Group exercise provides social support and motivation, which can improve adherence and outcomes.
What are common coordination and balance impairments in MS patients?
Ataxia, poor foot placement, wide BOS, and coordination deficits are common in MS.
How can proprioceptive loading and resistance be used to improve coordination?
Proprioceptive loading with light resistance (e.g., weighted vests or canes) helps improve coordination.
What role do weighted vests and canes play in managing ataxia?
Weighted vests and canes reduce ataxic movements and provide stability during ambulation.
How can Frenkel exercises help manage ataxia in MS patients?
Frenkel exercises improve coordination by enhancing feedback and using visual cues during movement.
What strategies can be used to manage gait impairments in MS patients?
Use of visual/verbal cues, proprioceptive loading, and mirrors/tape lines can help manage gait impairments like foot drop.
What home safety modifications can help prevent falls in MS patients?
Remove throw rugs, install grab bars, and ensure adequate lighting to prevent falls.
What assistive devices are commonly used to reduce fall risk in MS patients?
AFOs, canes, and large-wheeled walkers with seating help reduce fall risk.
How can patients with MS manage energy conservation to prevent falls?
Activity pacing, using mobility aids, and taking rest breaks help conserve energy and prevent falls.
