MS extra Flashcards
Define multiple sclerosis
A progressive inflammatory disorder resulting in demyelination of the central nervous system, leading to weakness and slow nerve conduction
MS types
Benign
Relapse remit
Secondary progressive
Primary progressive
Patho of ms
Inflammatory cellsleak into and disrupt the blood- brain barrier, there is destruction of oliogodendrocytes and myelin sheaths which insulated nerves in CNS. This disrupts nerve conduction. Plaques can form and scarring occurs.
Initial symptoms of MS
Limb weakness
Optic neuritis And diplopia
Vertigo
Toilet issues
Types of ataxia
Cerebellar - uncoordinated movements
Vestibular - balance, visual, dizziness changes
Sensory - altered sensation
How to treat 3 types of ataxia
Vestibular- cawthorne Cookson exercises
Cerebellar- core stability and co-ordination exercises
Sensory - sensory stimulation
Outcome measures: fatigue, sensation, balance, coordination
Fatigue severity scal, fatigue impact scale
Nottingham sensory score
Berg balance scale, 180 degree turn test, functional reach
9 hole peg, finger to nose, heel to shin
Outline graded exercise exposure
Cardiovascular fitness exercises, looking to work at 60% of maximal hr (220-age)
Graded exposure: Aim for 20-30 mins a day, 5-6 days a week.
No increase in heart rate to avoid fatigue effects
How to manage fatigue
Pacing Nutrition Sleep Prioritising Relaxation Hobbies
How does vestibular system work
3 semicircular canals in inner ear filled with endolymph. Hairs detect fluid movement to give info about heads position in space. Sends electrical signals to vestibular nuclei, which sends motor output to the eye muscles via cranial nuclei.
How is ataxia measured
On the Sara scale
Common MS meds (RRonly)
Teriflunomide
Fingolimod
Natalizumab
Alemtuzumab
