Cardio Revision Points Flashcards
What is a good conductor of sound
Lung tissue
What is a poor conductor of sound
Air
What causes bronchial breath sounds
Something dense e.g. atelectasis, sputum disorders CF, pneumonia consolidation
How to distinguish between collapse n consolidation
Shift of structures, when crackles heard, collapse is dense, consolidation is scattered and patchy
What is absorption atelectasis
When person has been on 100% oxygen for a while, O2 displaces nitrogen which leads to collapse as nitrogen helps keep airways open.
E.g. after GA, prolonged o2 usage
Mechanical ventilation has no effect on VQ matching with
Perfusion
At what o2 sats would you use o2 therapy (normal)
92%
Complications of o2
Toxicity, hypoxic drive, retinopathy in babies, fire hazard
How does a flutter work
It creates positive expiratory pressure, splinting open airways allowing air to get behind secretions and move it. Also oscillatory movements of ball help to shear secretions
How does a PEP mask work
Works to clear secretions by creating positive expiratory pressure. Breathe out against resistance causes back pressure and splints open the airways, helping collateral ventilation to get air behind sputum
Channels of collateral ventilation
Channels of Martin, lambert and Kohn
Name a bronchodilator
Salbutamol. Take with nebuliser which vaporises it, easier to inhale using a mask.
How to treat collapse
Positioning, mobilisation, TEE and deep breathing, inventive spirometry, nippy/bird/CPAP
Effects of GA
Decreased surfactant production- collapse
Mucous is more viscous
Functional residual capacity encroaches on closing volume
Drowsy, low resp rate, apical breathing
Absorption atelectasis
What is peep and low- high volumes
Positive end expiratory pressure, pressure required to keep airways open and overcome resistance.
5-7 is normal
Up to 10 is low, over 10-15 is high. Over 10 no manual hyperinflation, use. Ventilator hyperinflation.
