MS

Question 1

What is the character of a Murmur with Mitral Stenosis?

Answer 1

diastolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur. May be presystolic accentuation.

Question 2

What EKG findings might you see in Mitral Stenosis?

Answer 2

Abnormal P waves, A Fib and evidence of RVH.

Enlarged R waves in V1 and V2

Question 3

What are the grades of severity for MS with PHT?

Answer 3

30-60ms = Normal
90-150ms = Mild
150-219ms = Moderate
>220ms = Severe

Question 4

What are the grades of severity for mitral stenosis by MVA

Answer 4

4-6cm2 = Normal
2.5-1.5cm2 = mild
1.5 - 1.0cm2 = moderate
< 1.0cm2 = Severe

Question 5

What is a normal Mitral Valve Area?

Answer 5

4-6 cm2

Question 6

What are the severity grades by pressure gradient in MS?

Answer 6

< 5mmHg = Mild
6-12mmHg = Moderate
> 12mmHg = Severe

Question 7

What are the severity grades for MS based on end-diastolic pressure gradients.

Answer 7

0-2mmHg = Mild
2-6mmHg = Moderate
7-10mmHg Mod/Severe
>10mmHg Severe

Question 8

What is the equation for PISA in MS?

Answer 8

6.28 x r2 x aliasing velocity/MV velocity

Question 9

What is the calculation for MVA by PHT?

Answer 9

220/PHT = MVA cm2

Question 10

What is the calculation for MVA by Continuity?

Answer 10

CSA(lvot) x VTI(lvot) / VTI(mv)

Question 11

How do you derive MVA by MV decel time?

Answer 11

MV E decel time x 0.29 = PHT

220/PHT = MVAcm2

Question 12

How do you find PHT by MV pk vel?

Answer 12

MV pk vel/ 1.4 = PHT