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2nd Year Echo > MR Quiz > Flashcards

MR Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Which vessels perfuse the posteromedial papillary muscle?

A

RCA

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2
Q

Which vessels perfuse the anterolateral papillary muscle?

A

LCX and LAD

this makes this pap muscle less susceptible to ischemia and rupture.

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3
Q

what are the cell layers of the mitral leaflet?

A

Arterialis- composed of elastin
Spongiosa- composed of elastin and collogen
Fibrosa- the ventricular side.

collogen and elastin provide the support and strength and shape to the valve structures during dynamic forces.

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4
Q

what is the normal mitral valve area?

A

4-6 cm2

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5
Q

what is the mitral valve annulus diameter?

A

2.3 cm (+/- 0.5)

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6
Q

What is the normal valve thickness?

A

no greater than 3mm

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7
Q

what is the normal anterior mitral leaflet length?

A

no greater than 2 cm

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8
Q

what is the normal posterior mitral leaflet length?

A

1.4 - 2 cm

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9
Q

what is the annulaortic fibrosa?

A

the Aortic Mitral curtain.

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10
Q

draw the surgical, transthoracic and TEE views of the mitral valve and their scallops

A

thoracic: A3,A2,A1 > Trigone
TEE: P3, P2, P1 > Trigone
Surgical: Trigone > A1, A2, A3

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11
Q

what does a mitral regurge murmer sound like?

A

holosystolic, decrescendo, heard at the apex, may radiate out toward the axilla.

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12
Q

What are the grades of murmur?

A 
1/6 faint and difficult to hear
2/6 faint but heard immediately
3/6 moderately loud
4/6 loud
5/6 very loud
6/6 heard with bell off the chest
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13
Q

What is class I mild heart failure?

A

No limitation of physical activity. ordinary physical activity does not cause undue, fatigue, competition or dyspnea (shortness of breath).

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14
Q

What is class II mild heart failure?

A

Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity resulting fatigue, palpitation or dyspnea.

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15
Q

What is class III moderate heart failure?

A

Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less then ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation or dyspnea.

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16
Q

What is class IV severe heart failure?

A

Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken discomfort is increased.

17
Q

What are the grades of a PISA radius?

A 
less than 4mm = mild
5-7 mm = mild to moderate
7-10mm = moderate to severe
1 cm (10mm) = Severe
18
Q

In color flow what are the grades of mitral regurgitation?

A 
1+ = Mild
2+ = Mild to Moderate
3+ = Moderate to Severe
4+ = Severe
19
Q

When measuring the vena contracta, what are the grades of severity?

A

Less than 3 mm = mild MR
4 to 6 mm = Moderate MR
Greater than 6 mm = Severe MR

20
Q

What are the steps to perform a PISA?

A

Zoom the mitral Valve
Decrease color baseline to identify hemesphere shell
Note aliasing velocity
Measure PISA radius
Calculate Regurgitant flow rate = 2(pie) r2 X Va

21
Q

what are the grades of severity in the RJA/LAA calculation?

A

Less than 10% = Trace
Less than 20% = Mild
21 to 39% = Moderate
Greater than 40% = Severe

22
Q

how do you calculate Regurgitant Volume? ( RV )

A

MVSV - LVSV

23
Q

What do you calculate by CSA x VTI?

A

SV = CSA x VTI

24
Q

What is the equation for CSA?

A

CSA= 0.785 x d2

25
Q

What are the grades of severity for RV & RF%

A

Grade 1 + Mild < 30cc ( < 30% )
Grade 2+ Moderate 30-44cc ( 30 - 44% )
Grade 3+ Mod/Severe 44-59cc ( 44 - 59% )
Grade 4+ Severe > 60cc ( > 60% )

26
Q

What are the grades of severity for ERO?

A

Grade 1 = < 10
Grade 2 = 10 - 25
Grade 3 = 25 - 35
Grade 4 = > 35

27
Q

What are the three calculations for ERO?

A

6.28 x r2 x aliasing velocity/ MR Jet Velocity
RV /MR VTI
r2/2

28
Q

What is normal MVA?

A

Normal = 4-6cm2

29
Q

What is the normal MV Annulus dimension?

A

MV annulus 2.3cm (+/- 0.5)

2nd Year Echo (9 decks)

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