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Neuro II > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

Which systems does MS effect?

a. the brain
b. spinal cord
c. brainstem
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

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2
Q

Which specific cranial nerve does MS have a primary effect on?

a. glossopharyngeal nerve
b. optic nerve
c. olfactory nerve
d. trigeminal nerve

A

optic nerve

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3
Q

Incidence of MS increases from teens to age 35 and then decreases (true/false)

A

true

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4
Q

Incidence of MS increases from teens to age _ and then decreases

a. 25
b. 35
c. 45
d. 55

A

35

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5
Q

Prevalence of MS in greater in males than females (true/false)

A

false

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6
Q

What population has the greatest prevalence of MS?

a. caucasian males
b. Hispanic males
c. Latino females
d. caucasian females

A

caucasian females

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7
Q

_ causes scarring and hardening known as _ of nerve fibers

A

Demyelination

sclerosis

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8
Q

Slowing nerve impulses causes what specific symptoms

A

weakness
numbness
pain
vision loss

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9
Q

What are the possible causes of MS?

A

probable autoimmune
genetic predisposition
environmental influence
vitamin D deficiency

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10
Q

The clinical course of MS is predictable (true/false)

A

false

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11
Q

Disease process is _ throughout course but symptoms may have periods of _ and _

A

progressive

relapse and remission

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12
Q

What is usually the first clinical symptom of MS?

a. balance issues
b. fatigue
c. visual impairment
d. pain

A

visual impairment

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13
Q

What are the common symptoms associated with visual impairment?

A

blurred vision
double vision
red or green color distortion
blindness in one eye

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14
Q

Cold exacerbates symptoms temporarily (true/false)

A

false

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15
Q

_ typically exacerbates symptoms temporarily

a. cold
b. heat
c. hot water
d. cold water

A

heat

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16
Q

What factors exacerbate relapse?

a. poor sleep
b. inactivity
c. infections and stress
d. heat

A

infections and stress

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17
Q

There are no adverse effects on the course of pregnancy (true/false)

A

true

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18
Q

What typically happens with symptoms when a patient is pregnant?

A

symptoms stabilize or get better

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19
Q

Relapse of MS is common after childbirth within _ months

a. 2 months
b. 3 months
c. 6 months
d. 9 months

A

3 months

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20
Q

Medications are _ during pregnancy with MS

A

contraindicated

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21
Q

What is the most common clinical symptom found with patients?

a. motor impairment
b. sensory impairment
c. depression
d. fatigue

A

fatigue

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22
Q

What motor impairments are seen with the clinical course of MS?

A

weakness
balance and gait disturbance
tremor
increased tone - 75% have spasticity

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23
Q

MS patients experience bowel/bladder dysfunction (True/false)

A

true

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24
Q

The tension attained at any moment between the origin and the insertion of a muscle, the tension is determined partly by mechanical factors and the degree of motor unit activity

a. tone
b. hypertonicity
c. spasticity
d. none of the above

A

tone

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25
Q

The sensation of (increased) resistance is felt as one manipulates a joint through a range of motion at a slow velocity, with the subject attempting to relax

a. tone
b. hypertonicity
c. spasticity
d. none of the above

A

hypertonicity

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26
Q

A velocity-dependent increase in the tonic stretch reflex with exaggerated tendon jerks resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex as one component of the upper motor neuron syndrome

a. tone
b. hypertonicity
c. spasticity
d. none of the above

A

spasticity

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27
Q

List the core set of movement tasks

A 
sitting
sit to stand, stand to sit, floor to stand, stand to floor
standing
walking, floor mobility
step up/step down
reach, grasp and manipulation
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28
Q

What neuromuscular movement system diagnosis is most often present with MS?

a. cognitive deficit and sensory selection and weighting deficit
b. force production deficit and hypokinesia
c. sensory detection deficit and movement pattern coordination deficit
d. force production deficit and sensory detection deficit

A

force production deficit and sensory detection deficit

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29
Q

Task-Oriented Training approach should be challenging and engagement with attention to solve the motor problem (true/false)

A

true

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30
Q

Tasks should not be interesting for the patient to want to participate (true/false)

A

false

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31
Q

Communication, coordination and documentation identify

a. intervention to address cognitive deficits
b. direct intervention
c. indirect intervention
d. none of the above

A

indirect intervention

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32
Q

Indirect intervention education should include

A 
cognitive dysfunction
compensatory strategies 
family education 
home program and energy conservation 
skincare
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33
Q

Intervention for weakness is identified as

a. direct intervention
b. indirect intervention
c. fatigue intervention
d. medical management

A

direct intervention

34
Q

Strengthening exercises, strategy training, general conditioning and fitness, assistive devices/adaptive equipment, orthotics are described as

a. indirect intervention
b. direct intervention
c. weakness intervention
d. TOT

A

direct intervention

35
Q

Energy conservation, conditioning, cooling, avoid by reducing stress, assistive devices, and adaptive equipment are interventions to treat

a. hypertonicity
b. balance
c. sensory deficit
d. fatigue

A

fatigue

36
Q

Conditioning reduces fatigue (true/false)

A

true

37
Q

Stretching, cold, splints, and tone reducing techniques are interventions to treat

a. hypertonicity and spasticity
b. balance
c. sensory deficit
d. fatigue

A

hypertonicity

38
Q

Motor and sensory strategies, functional training, work core muscles, large fluid/smooth movements, feedback and visual cues are used for what intervention

a. hypertonicity
b. balance
c. sensory deficit
d. fatigue

A

balance

39
Q

Which type of MS is most commonly seen?

a. relapsing-remitting MS
b. primary progressive MS
c. secondary progressive MS
d. progressive-relapsing MS

A

Relapsing-remitting MS

40
Q

Which type of MS is the rarest?

a. relapsing-remitting MS
b. primary progressive MS
c. secondary progressive MS
d. progressive-relapsing MS

A

primary progressive MS

41
Q

This type of MS is acute attacks with full or partial recovery in between

a. relapsing-remitting MS
b. primary progressive MS
c. secondary progressive MS
d. progressive-relapsing MS

A

relapsing-remitting MS

42
Q

This type of MS is an unremitted progression of the disease

a. relapsing-remitting MS
b. primary progressive MS
c. secondary progressive MS
d. progressive-relapsing MS

A

primary progressive MS

43
Q

This type of MS is relapsing and remitting in the beginning, followed by progressive with or without remissions

a. relapsing-remitting MS
b. primary progressive MS
c. secondary progressive MS
d. progressive-relapsing MS

A

secondary progressive MS

44
Q

This type of MS is progression with acute episodes that may or not recover from acute

a. relapsing-remitting MS
b. primary progressive MS
c. secondary progressive MS
d. progressive-relapsing MS

A

progressive-relapsing MS

45
Q

A patient relapsing-remitting MS will show

a. unremitting progression of the disease or with minor improvements and temporary plateaus
b. acute attacks with full or partial recovery in between
c. relapsing-remitting at the beginning followed by progressive with or without remissions
d. progression with acute episodes that may or may not recovery from acute relapse

A

acute attacks with full or partial recovery in between

46
Q

An african-American born in the South who moved to Minnesota at age three has the same risk factor as if he were born in Minnesota

a. true
b. false

A

true

47
Q

A pt with primary progressive MS will show

a. unremitting progression of the disease or with minor improvements and temporary plateaus
b. acute attacks with full or partial recovery in between
c. relapsing-remitting at the beginning followed by progressive with or without remissions
d. progression with acute episodes that may or may not recovery from acute relapse

A

unremitting progression of the disease or with minor improvements and temporary plateaus

48
Q

A pt with secondary progressive MS will show

a. unremitting progression of the disease or with minor improvements and temporary plateaus
b. acute attacks with full or partial recovery in between
c. relapsing-remitting at the beginning followed by progressive with or without remissions
d. progression with acute episodes that may or may not recover from acute relapse

A

relapsing-remitting at the beginning followed by progressive with or without remissions

49
Q

A pt with progressive-relapsing MS will show

a. unremitting progression of the disease or with minor improvements and temporary plateaus
b. acute attacks with full or partial recovery in between
c. relapsing-remitting at the beginning followed by progressive with or without remissions
d. progression with acute episodes that may or may not recover from acute relapse

A

progression with acute episodes that may or may not recover from acute relapse

50
Q

A pregnant woman with MS

a. is at risk of exacerbation during pregnancy
b. may have improvements of symptoms during pregnancy with relapse afterwards
c. is highly likely to have a baby with congenital MS
d. is able to take usual MS medications during pregnancy

A

may have improvements of symptoms during pregnancy with relapse afterwards

51
Q

A female patient at the age of 25 with one system attack and complete recovery will have a

a. poor prognosis
b. better prognosis
c. prognosis cannot be predicted
d. average prognosis

A

better prognosis

52
Q

A male with a multisystem attack, brainstem symptoms, poor recovery after exacerbations and a high frequency of attacks has a

a. poor prognosis
b. better prognosis
c. prognosis cannot be predicted
d. average prognosis

A

poorer prognosis

53
Q

Nystagmus, temor, ataxia are

a. spinal cord symptoms
b. optic nerve symptoms
c. brainstem symptoms
d. neurological symptoms

A

brainstem symptoms

54
Q

What is classified as a high frequency of attacks?

a. 2 relapses in 1 year
b. 5 relapses in 1 year
c. 5 relapses in 2 years
d. 2 relapses in 3 years

A

5 relapses in 2 years

55
Q

A first and single acute demyelinating and/or inflammatory lesion in the CNS with a duration of at least 24 hours

a. relapse-remitting MS
b. symptom of MS
c. MS during pregnancy
d. clinical isolated syndrome

A

clinical isolated syndrome

56
Q

What intervention can be used to treat fatigue?

a. disease-modifying agents
b. medications
c. anti-inflammatory corticosteroids
d. energy conservation techniques

A

energy conservation techniques

57
Q

The diagnosis is based on

A

clinical exam
MRI
evoked potentials
lumbar puncture and CSF analysis

58
Q

An attack that is the first attack which can be monofocal or multifocal, it is mild and resolves without treatment is describing

A

clinical isolated syndrome (CIS)

59
Q

63% of patients who experience a CIS develop MS (true/false)

A

true

60
Q

Patients are not normally on disease-modifying agents (true/false)

A

false

61
Q

A patient with no fatigue or thermosensitivity is at what level of disability

a. EDSS level 0
b. EDSS level 1-2
c. EDSS level 3-5
d. EDSS level 6-7

A

EDSS level 0

62
Q

A patient with limited fatigue and heat sensitivity; minor balance or gait problems is at what level of disability

a. EDSS level 0
b. EDSS level 1-2
c. EDSS level 3-5
d. EDSS level 6-7

A

EDSS level 1-2

63
Q

A patient with limited gait; may have spasticity, weakness, ataxia, balance problems is at what level of disability

a. EDSS level 6-7
b. EDSS level 1-2
c. EDSS level 3-5
d. EDSS level 8-9

A

EDSS level 3-5

64
Q

A patient that cannot participate in all daily activities; short-distance aided walking only is at what level of disability

a. EDSS level 3-5
b. EDSS level 1-2
c. EDSS level 8-9
d. EDSS level 6-7

A

EDSS level 6-7

65
Q

A patient that is bedridden is what level of disability

a. EDSS level 8-9
b. EDSS level 3-5
c. EDSS level 6-7
d. EDSS level 0

A

EDSS level 8-9

66
Q

What is the best to work on to improve balance and coordination?

A

functional training

67
Q

What are the determinants of functional gait?

A 
stance phase stability 
clearance in swing 
swing phase pre-positioning 
adequate step length 
energy conservation
68
Q

Can the limb support the body weight and respond to ground reaction forces describes

a. clearance in swing
b. stance phase stability
c. swing phase pre-positioning
d. adequate step length

A

stance phase stability

69
Q

Can the swing limb clear the surface with minimal risk of trips describes

a. clearance in swing
b. stance phase stability
c. swing phase pre-positioning
d. adequate step length

A

clearance in swing

70
Q

Is the foot positioned for initial contact/loading?

a. energy conservation
b. stance phase stability
c. swing phase pre-positioning
d. adequate step length

A

swing phase pre-positioning

71
Q

Is there sufficient motor control of both limbs to advance the swing limb?

a. clearance in swing
b. stance phase stability
c. swing phase pre-positioning
d. adequate step length

A

adequate step length

72
Q

Is the energy cost of walking too high for functional mobility?

a. energy conservation
b. stance phase stability
c. swing phase pre-positioning
d. adequate step length

A

energy conservation

73
Q

This type of training program includes full exertion, aerobic and resistive exercise, no extreme sports

a. none
b. all of the levels
c. minimal disability
d. moderate disability

A

none

74
Q

This type of training program is monitored exercise program including strengthening and endurance using a variety of exercise types, precooling if heat-sensitive, avoid overtraining

a. none
b. all of the levels
c. minimal disability
d. moderate disability

A

minimal disability

75
Q

This type of training program is deficit-driven exercise protocols including strengthening and endurance training using methods tolerated, walking, cycle ergometry, precooling if needed

a. none
b. all of the levels
c. minimal disability
d. moderate disability

A

moderate disability

76
Q

This training program includes movement preservation, stretching, targeted strengthening needed for task specific training

a. moderate disability
b. severe disability
c. bedridden
d. all of the levels

A

severe disability

77
Q

This training program is primarily passive movements to maintain motion, breathing exercises

a. moderate disability
b. severe disability
c. bedridden
d. all of the levels

A

bedridden

78
Q

A majority of patients experience what two motor impairment symptoms?

A

balance and gait disturbance

increased tone

79
Q

An CIS resolves with treatment (true/false)

A

false

80
Q

What is the first step to implementing a strengthening program?

a. functional strength
b. strengthen unaffected muscles
c. stretch
d. balance activities

A

stretch first

Neuro II (11 decks)

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