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Urgent Care Guide > MS 1 > Flashcards

MS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

closed fracture - can be what two things

A

complete or incomplete

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2
Q

closed fracture - complete meaning

A

all the way through the bone

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3
Q

closed fracture - complete types
4

A
  1. transverse - runs perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
  2. oblique - runs diagonally to the long axis of the bone
  3. spiral - corkscrew shaped fx resulting from rotational/torsional force
  4. communited - >2 fracture fragments
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4
Q

closed fracture - incomplete meaning

A

the entire cortex is not broken - more common in peds

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5
Q

fracture - incomplete types
3

A
  1. bowing - bending
  2. toru/buckling - bulging of the cortex
  3. greenstick - cortex fx on one side of the bone
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6
Q

fracture types
2

A

closed
open

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7
Q

open fracture

A

fracture w/ direct communication to the external environment

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8
Q

sprains

A

overstretching or tearing of ligaments

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9
Q

overstretching or tearing of ligaments

A

sprain

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10
Q

grade 1 sprain (mild)

A

slight stretching and some damage to ligament fibers

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11
Q

grade 2 sprain (moderate)

A

partial tearing of ligaments w/ joint laxity

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12
Q

grade 3 sprain (severe)

A

complete tear of the ligament w/ instability

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13
Q

disolcation

A

abnormal separation in the joint

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14
Q

types of dislocations
2

A
  1. luxation - complete dislocation
  2. subluxation - partial dislocation
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15
Q

abnormal separation in the joint

A

dislocation

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16
Q

complete dislocation of joint

A

luxation

17
Q

partial dislocation of joint

A

subluxation

18
Q

overstretching or tearing of ligaments

A

sprain

19
Q

fracture/sprain/dislocation - patient may present with what signs and symptoms of the affected joint
3

A

pain, swelling. ecchymosis of affected joint

20
Q

fracture/sprain/dislocation - physical exam
3 (perform, perform, assess)

A
  1. perform comprehensive evaluation of tendon function w/ ligament stability
  2. perform motor and sensory exam
  3. assess pulses
21
Q

fracture/sprain/dislocation - img/testing
1

A

x rays

22
Q

Ottowa ankle rules
4

A
  1. ankle x ray if any pain along the malleolar region AND any of the following
  2. bony tenderness along distal 6 cm of posterior edge of tibia or fibula
  3. bony tenderness at tip of medial or lateral malleolus
  4. inability to bear weight immediately or after 4 steps during exam
23
Q

foot x ray if
4

A
  1. any pain in the midfoot region AND any of the following
  2. bony tenderness at the base of the 5th metatarsal
  3. bony tenderness at the navicular
  4. inability to bear weight immediately or after 4 steps during eval
24
Q

Ottowa knee rules - if any of the criteria are met, consider knee x ray
5

A
  1. age >55
  2. isolated tenderness of the patella
  3. tenderness at the fibular head
  4. unable to flex knee 90 degrees
  5. unable to bear weight both during eval and immediately after injury
25
Q

fractures/sprains/dislocations - tx (in general)
4

A
  1. acetaminophen
  2. NSAIDs
  3. ice
  4. splints
26
Q

splinting tips
3

A
  1. splint above and below site of injury
  2. ensure adequate padding, especially over fracture site
  3. assess neuro status after splinting
27
Q

open distal phalanx fx aka “tuft” fx tx most can be managed where

A

most can be managed in UC

28
Q

all other open fx except open distal phalanx tx

A

refer to ER

29
Q

when to refer to ortho
3

A
  1. high grade sprain
  2. stable fractures
  3. suspected fx not seen on imaging i.e. Salter-Harris
30
Q

sprains f/u with who

A

w/ PCP

31
Q

MSK - when to refer to ER
5

A
  1. open fracture
  2. concern for compartment syndrome
  3. neurovascular compromise
  4. dislocations that cannot be reduced
  5. inability to bear weight w/ no obvious fracture - suspected hip or pelvic injury

Urgent Care Guide (38 decks)

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