MRCP Endo Flashcards
Which sex hormone is responsible for ovulation induction?
Luteinising hormone
Can be seen by rise in progesterone level
What is Kallmann syndrome?
Isolated GnRH deficiency (Xlinked)
Associated anosmia and hypogonadism
What is hypokalaemic periodic paralysis?
channelopathy caused by skeletal muscle ion channel mutations, mainly affecting calcium or sodium channels.
praoxysmal weakess due to hypokalaemia
When do you see raised gonadotrophins (FSH/LH)?
primary ovarian failure
What is non-functioning adenoma?
Does not produce hormones, just large enough to compress nearby structures
Headache,
bitemporal hemianopia,
pituitary insufficiency
What blood test differentiates between exogenous and endogenous insulin causing hypoglycaemia?
Exogenous- low c-peptide
Endogenous- high c-peptide
When do you see low FSH and LH
Hypothalamic anemorrhoea
anorexia/stress/excessive exercise
shut down for survival
How should you dose adjust thyroxine?
Guided by TSH levels
Adjust every 4-8 weeks.
(TSH lag behind T4)
What is the mode of imaging to determine the volume of thyroid gland?
Ultrasound
When is glucose tolerance test used?
Diabetes
Acromegaly
What is the causes of secondary hypoparathyroidism?
Damage to parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
DiGeorge
What are the 4 stages of Hypertensive retinopathy
I = Tortuous (one word)
II = AV nipping (two words)
III = cotton wool spots (three words)
IV = papilloedema is the worst (four words lol)
What is branch retinal vein occlusion?
segmental haemorrhage
What is the mechanism of action of levonogestrel in emergency contraception?
Delay ovulation
Outline management of thyroid storm
Life threatening thyrotoxicosis with systemic failure.
beta blocker (IV propanolol)
antithyroid drug (propylthiouracil)
inorganic iodide
steroid (dexamethasone to block T4->T3)
cooling
volume resus
respiratory support in ITU
What is the biochemical finding in PCOS?
Low SHBG hence free testosterone
Rise in LH : FSH (3 : 1 ratio)
Rise in testosterone and DHEA
What is DiGeorge syndrome?
Microdeletion on Chr 22
Thymic hypoplasia,
cardiac defect (ToF)
LD
hypoparathyroidism-> hypocalcaemia
What cardiac complication is hypothyroidism associated with?
Pericardial effusion
What is the order of puberty in girls
Boobs
Pubes
Grow
Flow
What is the order of puberty in boys
Grapes
Drapes
Grow
Flow
What is likely to occur with oestrogen only pill?
breakthrough bleed
What drugs cause SIADH?
SIADH Cannot Void
SSRI
Indomethacin
Antidepressant TCA
Diuretic thiazide
Haloperidol
Carbamazepine
Cyclophosphamide
Vincristine
What cranial cancer can cause craniopharygioma
Diabetes insipidus
inferior quadratanopia
Other than cough, what side effect is ACEi associate with?
Angioedema