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MRCP > MRCP Cardiology > Flashcards

MRCP Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Dental procedure/dentition IE

A

Strep viridans

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2
Q

Most common IE organism

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

IE IVDU

A

Staph aureus

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4
Q

Indwelling lines/prosthetic valves IE

A

Staph epidermidis

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5
Q

Colorectal cancer IE

A

Strep bovis

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6
Q

SVT + asthma = ?treatment

A

Verapamil (not adenosine)

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7
Q

Factors favouring RATE control in AF (2)

A

age >65, IHD

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8
Q

Post-inferior MI + heart block = ?management

A

Conservative provided haemodynamically well

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9
Q

Common s/e ACEi

A

Angioedema

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10
Q

ESM louder on INSPIRATION

A

Pulmonary stenosis (increased venous return to right heart

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11
Q

ESM louder on EXPIRATION

A

Aortic stenosis

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12
Q

ESM + slow rising pulse

A

AS

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13
Q

Aspirin mechanism of action

A

Non-specific COX inhibitor. Reduces formation of thromboxane A2

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14
Q

Clopidogrel mechanism of action

A

Inhibits P2Y12 subtype of ADP receptor

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15
Q

1st line investigation for stable cardiac chest pain

A

CT coronary angio

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16
Q

Promote closure of PDA

A

Ibuprofen or indomethacin

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17
Q

Pathophysiology of long QT

A

Blockage of potassium channels

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18
Q

Heart with ‘egg-on-side’ appearance on CXR

A

Transposition of great arteries

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19
Q

Atherosclerosis, bad renal fn on ACEi, flash pulmonary oedema, asymmetrical kidneys

A

Renal artery stenosis

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20
Q

AF classification:

  • Paroxysmal
  • Persistent
  • Permanent
A

Paroxysmal – self-terminates, usually <7 days
Persistent – doesn’t self-terminate (ie requires intervention), usually >7 days. (includes if recurs following successful cardioversion)
Permanent – cardioversion unsuccessful or deemed inappropriate

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21
Q

Earliest & most consistent feature in restrictive pericarditis

A

Hepatomegaly

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22
Q

Definitive treatment of atrial flutter

A

Ablation of tricuspid valve isthmus

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23
Q

Deafness & long QT

A

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

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24
Q

First line treatment angina (excl GTN)

A

BB or CCB

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25
Q

Commonest congenital heart defect in adults

A

ASD

26
Q

Common blood abnormality following cholesterol emboli

A

Eosinophilia

27
Q

Commonest genetic mutation in HOCM

A

Beta-myosin heavy-chain mutation

28
Q

Mid-systolic click. Which valvular abnormality?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

29
Q

Mode of action flecainide

A

Sodium channel blocker

30
Q

Mode of action amiodarone

A

Potassium channel blocker

31
Q

Urinary 5-HIAA associated with which condition

A

Carcinoid

32
Q

Early diastolic ‘plop’, changes with posture

A

Atrial myxoma (left more common)

33
Q

ECG diagnosis STEMI

A

> 2mm in 2 contiguous chest leads

>1mm in 2 or more limb leads

34
Q

Hypertensive emergency (>180/120 & end organ damage). What should BP aim be within 1h?

A

Decrease in MAP by no more than 25%

35
Q

BNP is primarily released from which area of the heart

A

Ventricles

36
Q

Tetralogy of fallot mnemonic

A 
DROP
VENTRICULAR septal Defect
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
37
Q

Site of ablation in paroxysmal AF

A

Pulmonary veins (where they join the atrium)

38
Q

Which tachyarrhythmia is verapamil CI in?

A

WPW

Broad complex

39
Q

Fact: Afro-Carribean people can have CK up to x4 normal limit

A

Yes this is true :)

40
Q

Cardiac complications of Marfans

A

Aortic root dilatation
Aortic regurg
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic dissection

41
Q

Primary pulmonary HTN absolute contraindication to pregnancy

A

True. Rapidly worsens in pregnancy

42
Q

Collapse, short period asystole afterwards, all investigations normal (incl Holter)

A

Carotid sinus syndrome

43
Q

Is endocarditis more common on left or right side of heart?

A

Left ie mitral, then aortic (regurgitation).

Right-sided more common in IVDU

44
Q

Heart sound abnormality signifying severe aortic stenosis

A

Quiet S2

45
Q

Mode of action of adenosine

A

G protein coupled receptor agonist

46
Q

4 stages of ECG changes seen in pericarditis

A
  1. Concave ST elevation, PR depression
  2. T wave flattening, ST segment normalises
  3. T wave inversion
  4. T wave normalises
47
Q

What is Beck’s triad and what does it signify?

A
  1. Raised JVP
  2. Muffled heart sounds
  3. Hypotension
    Signifies cardiac TAMPONADE
48
Q

ECG changes seen in:
Transmural infarction
Subendocardial infarction

A

Transmural: ST elevation (full occlusion)
Subendocardial: ST depression (small area of occlusion in left ventricle, ventricular septum or papillary muscles)

49
Q

Symptoms of Dressler syndrome

A

1-8 weeks post MI

Malaise, fever, pericardial pain, raised ESR

50
Q

Management of Dressler syndrome

A

Aspirin 650mg QDS

other NSAID eg indomethacin can be used if aspirin not tolerated

51
Q

First line treatment for malignant hypertension

A

IV sodium nitroprusside

52
Q

First line treatment for pericarditis

A

Aspirin (NSAID) & colchicine

53
Q

Which coronary artery is involved in a posterior STEMI?

A

Right coronary artery

54
Q

ECG findings in Brugada syndrome

A

ST elevation V1-V3 with negative T waves, RBBB

55
Q

Most common genetic mutation associated with Brugada syndrome

A

SCN5A sodium channel

56
Q

Commonest cause of constrictive pericarditis worldwide?

A

TB pericarditis

- lymphocyte positive effusion fluid

57
Q

Diastolic murmur + bifid P wave

A

Mitral stenosis

58
Q

Prolonged QT interval + congenital deafness =

A

Jervel-Lange-Nielsen syndrome

59
Q

Aortic stenosis, anaemia, angiodysplasia =

A

Heyde’s syndrome

60
Q

Explain ECG finding of electrical alternans and what it signifies

A

Consecutive QRS complexes alternate in height or direction.

Signifies cardiac tamponade as it represents movement of the heart in the fluid-filled pericardial sac

61
Q

Management of Brugada syndrom

A

ICD

MRCP (14 decks)

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