Mr smith-conduction system

Question 1

What is the conduction system

Answer 1

stimulation of the heart

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of the conduction system

Answer 2

SA NODE
IMPULSE TO LEFT ATRIUM
AV NODE
BUNDLE OF HIS
PUNKJI FIBRES
way to remember sia better play

Question 3

what is the first stage of the conduction system and what does it do

Answer 3

SA NODE
sits just above right atrium
myogenic meaning self regulating
pacemaker
admits a signal(sends signal out)
CONTRACTING
crosses atria causing atrial systole forcing blood to ventricles

Question 4

What is the second stage of the conduction system

Answer 4

impulse to left atrium

Question 5

what is the third stage of the conduction system and what does it do

Answer 5

AV NODE
receives signal from sa node
relays the signal
ventricular systole

Question 6

what is the fourth stage of the conduction system

Answer 6

BUNDLE OF HIS
postsioned in septum
seperates signal into left and right
forces blood outwards from aaorta and pulmonery artery

Question 7

what is the fifth stage of the conduction system and what does it do

Answer 7

Punkji fibres
spreads signal to every cell
ventricular systole

Question 8

Where are proprioceptor’s found

Answer 8

found in the muscles and tendons

Question 9

what do propriorepceptors detect

Answer 9

change in length
tension
movemnet

Question 10

what are two types of proproreceptors

Answer 10

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

Question 11

what do muscle spindles do

Answer 11

-detect how far and fast a muscle fibre is being stretched
-found between fibres of a skeletal muscle
-prevents overstretching
sends signal causing muscle to contract to prevent overstretching

Question 12

what do golgi tendon organs do

Answer 12

detect tension
prevent tearing
send signal to muscle to relax to prevent tearing

Question 13

what is a strecth reflex

Answer 13

when activated, muscle spindle relays info to CNS (central nervous system)
the CNS then sends signal back to muscles motor neurone initiating a contraction of the muscle
-stretch reflex
-reflex causes muscle to contract preveting overstretching
muscle under tension
tension gets too high, golgi tendon activated causing muscle to relax.

Question 14

what does PNF stand for and what is it

Answer 14

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and is a type of advanced stretching and increases flexibility

Question 15

what are the 4 stages of pnf

Answer 15

1.passive stretch
2.isometric contraction (voluntary)
3.relaxation
4.stretch (further)

Question 16

How is pnf administrated

Answer 16

-use of partner to hold passive stretch
-followed by voluntery isometric contraction against the partner before repeating passive stretch
-proprioreceports involved in pnf=muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
-muscle spindle explanation of what it does
-muscle spindles occur during the passive stretching phase of pnf
-person then performs the isometric contraction against the resistance of the partner
-Golgi tendon organs activated, overrides stretch reflex
-this is called AUTOGENIC INHIBITION where muscle relaxes and then can be stretched further

Question 17

what is an isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 17

where a muscle contracts to create movement. it can be concentric(muscle shortens) or eccentric(muscle lengthens)
way to remember think tonic water make you drunk/movement

Question 18

what are two isotonic muscle contraction examples

Answer 18

concentric-upward phase of a bicep curl
essentric-downward phase of a push up the triceps contracting. Flexion at elbow

Question 19

what are isometric contractions

Answer 19

when a muscle conracts but doesnt cause movemnt or change in length.

Question 20

what are two examples of isometric contractions

Answer 20

holding the plank
holding the crucifix position on the rings

Question 21

what are the three types of muscle fibres

Answer 21

Slow twitch fibres (TYPE 1)
fast oxidative glycolytic fibres (TYPE 2A)
fast glycolytic fibres (TYPE 2B)

Question 22

slow twitch fibres sporting examples

Answer 22

-aerobic
-e.g. marathan runner

Question 23

fast oxidative glycolytic fibres type 2a

Answer 23

-ananerobic
-e.g. 400m runner

Question 24

fast glycolytic fibres type 2b

Answer 24

-anaerobic
-e.g. 100m sprinter

Question 25

fast glycolytic fibres type 2b

Answer 25

-anaerobic
-e.g. 100m sprinter

Question 26

characteristics of type 1 slow twitch fibres

Answer 26

-high amount of mitochondria
-high density of capillaries meaning rich supply of blood therefore oxygen
-high concentration of myoglobin
e.g. LONG DISTANCE

Question 27

functional characteristics of type 1 slow twitch fibres

Answer 27

-slow contraction speed
-slow motor neurone conduction capacity
-muscle fibres rely on aerobic respiration

Question 28

what are some examples of type two bx muscle fibres

Answer 28

100m
weightlifting
jumping

Question 29

what are the characteristics of type two B fast twitch glycotic muscle fibres

Answer 29

-fastest conraction spped
-large motor neurone
-fast conduction capacity
-high levels of ATPase , can release energy for contraction very quickly
However
have very low levels of mitochondria
low levels of myoglobin
far smaller capillary network
meaning not able to use oxygen to produce energy
fatigue very quickly and have low aerobic capacity

Question 30

what are the characteristics of type two A fast twitch oxidative glycotic fibres

Answer 30

-show characteristics of both slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
-hence oxidative glycotic
-good supply of blood due to capillarisation
-moderate amount of myoglobin
-do not have enough ,mitochondria to sustain energy production
-cannot contract for as long as type 1 muscle fibres
-they will fatigue quicker then type 1 but can contract for longer then type 2b

Question 31

other characteristics of type two A fast twitch oxidative glycotic muscle fibres

Answer 31

-share characteristics of both type 1 and type 2x msucle fibres
-have high levels of ATPase
-lare motor neurone nd fast conduction speed
-means fibre is able to contract with powerful fast conductions
-moderate leavles of mitochondria ,myoglobin
-moderate levels of capilleries
-high aerobic capacity compared ti 2x
-allows it to sustain high force contractions for longer

Question 32

what are some sporting examples of type 2a fast twitch oxidative glycotic muscle fibres

Answer 32

400m
800m and most invasion sports