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UNIT 2 - Criminology AS Level 🍒🪩 > MPA2.1 biological theories > Flashcards

MPA2.1 biological theories Flashcards

biological theories

1
Q

defenition of biological theories

A

nodweddion corfforol wneud rhai yn fwy tebygol o droseddu
some tendencys or fath yn genetig or inherited - bad nature - nature vs nuture

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2
Q

what are the 2 biological ffisiological theories

A

william sheldon
lombroso

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3
Q

cryfderau theroy lombroso

A
  • uni china - AI - 83% recognision (sample of 2000)
  • later on - addio elfennau amgylcheddol + cymdeithasol
  • bath spa uni - (butcher taylor 2007) - unattractive people more likely to be convicted guilty
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4
Q

weaknesses of lombrosos theroy

A
  • syniadau hiliol - dim yn disgrifio nodweddion western - affricaniadd yn bennaf
  • dim wedi cymharu hefor innocent - could have find some nodweddion yn y generalpopulation a debrisio
  • astudiaethau wedyn heb profi cysyllt rhwng y wyneb a trosoddoldeb - nazis’s used to label
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5
Q

pwy oedd lombroso

A

psychologist o italy
tad troseddeg modern - positivist school

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6
Q

history or gair avatistic

A

avatus - ancestory

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7
Q

avatistic charecteristics by lombroso

A

not stable
unsociable
savages / apes (long arm theory)
degeneration
back to stone age
split in genes - something wrong in the dna

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8
Q

rhai nodweddion o theory lombroso

A

gen mawr
high cheek bones
trwyn fflat
talcen isel
breichiau hir compared i coesau
clustiau mawr
tattoos - high pain tolerance

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9
Q

be oedd lombroso yn galw troseddwyr

A

homo delinquent

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10
Q

be oedd llyfr lombroso

A

l’uomo delinquent - 1876

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11
Q

be oedd baisic theory lombroso

A

gwahaniaeth ffisiolegol rhwng troseddwyr
troseddwyr yn rhywogaeth gwahannol rhwng bodau dynol modern a cyntefig
nodweddion atafiaethol - throwbacks

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12
Q

be ydi dadl william sheldon

A

1949 - cysylltu ymddygiad troseddol yn gysylltiedig a nodweddion corfforol

4000 lluniau o ddynion or ffront blaen a ochr

dod i fyny hefo 3 somatoteip

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13
Q

be ydi 3 somatoteip sheldon

A

ectomorph
mesomorph
endomorph

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14
Q

ectomorph body type ac personality

A

tena a fragile
introverted
swil

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15
Q

endomorph body type ac personality

A

dew a meddal
cymdeithasol ac relaxed

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16
Q

mesomorph body type ac personality

A

cyhyrog a caled
ymosodl a anturus

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17
Q

be ydi principals o theory william sheldon

A

astudiaeth cydberthyniad
mesomorph - gweithgaredd treisgar +ymosodl
ectomorph lleiaf tebygol
cyhoeddwyd yn yr atlas of men 1954

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18
Q

cryfderau (2) astudiaeth William Sheldon

A

gluek a gluek - 60% o droseddwyr a welwyd yn mesomorph
troseddwyr mwyaf difrifol mwyaf tebygol yn mesomorph

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19
Q

gwendidau theory william sheldon (4)

A
  • dim wedi ystyried bod maint / siap corff yn newid drost amser (personality ddim yn newid)
  • dim wedi egluro pam mae rhai endo + ecto morph yn torri gyfraith
  • labelu - mesomorph yn cael ei labelu - self fufilled prophecies , heddlu mwy gyliadwrus - unconscious bias
  • sociological element - social class, working class more likely to have heavy job - datblygu i fod yn mesomorph
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20
Q

cryfderau twin studies(2)

A
  • efeilliad MZ yn debyg - rhesymol edrych os yw crim behaviour yn debyg
  • sawl astudiaeth yn cefnoir link rhwng behaviour MZ twins
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21
Q

gwendidau twin studies (4)

A
  1. efeilliad MZ yn cael ei trin yn fwy deby felly dylanwadu mwy ar ei gilydd
  2. ella amgylchedd teby oedd yn arwain dim genes
  3. if genetig was true link would be 100% ond 50% or less in most
  4. samplau’n aml yn fach
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22
Q

be ydir yr 2 math o twins

A

MZ
DZ

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23
Q

be ydi MZ twins

A

monozygotic
1 egg
100% dna shared

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24
Q

be ydi DZ twins

A

deuzygotic
2 eggs
50%

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25
Q

be ydi baisic theory twin studies

A

famillies hefo similar genes felly os criminal ene bodoli bysa fam yn rhannu

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26
Q

twin studies astudiaeth Christiansen 1977 (3)

A

astudio drost 3,500

MZ - un hefo crim llall hefo 52% chance

DZ - un hefo crim llall hefo 22% chance

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27
Q

twin studies astudiaeth Lange 1929
(3)

A

Mz cyfradd concordant llawer uwch na DZ

10 o MZ twins out of 13 wedi bod yn carchar

2 o 17 DZ twins

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28
Q

be ydi 2 study names o twin studies

A

christiansen 1977

lange 1929

29
Q

adoption studies weaknesses

A
  • aml yn placed in same environement as biological - soical class, ethinicity, area
  • age of adoption important - could have already influenced
  • fam info hard to find
30
Q

strengths of adoption studies

A
  • enables seperation between genes + environement
  • rhesemygol - nature vs nurture yn glir
  • astudiaethau i yd bron yn cefnogir theory
31
Q

be ydir theory adoption studies sydd yn ish accepted

A

adopted children more likely o cael crim rec os bio parents hefo crim rec

32
Q

pwy ydi yr case study i adoption studies

A

Mednick et al

1975

33
Q

faint o data ydir mednick et all (adoption studies)

A

dros 14,000

adopted rhwng 1924-47

34
Q

be oedd findings mednick et all

A

meibon fwy tebyg o cael crim rec if bio had

cyfradd cydgord - 20%

14% hefo crim rec os adopted parents hefo

35
Q

be ydi point adoption study

A

cymharu troseddwyr hefo rhieni biolegol a adoptive

36
Q

be ydi yr theory o adoption study

A

adopted child
- same environement as adopted
- same genes as biologgical

37
Q

significance o theory adoption

A

behaviour more like bio parents

awgrymmu esboniad geneti i ymddygiad

38
Q

cryfder XYY theories

A
  • nifer sylweddol o dynion yn carchar hefo XYY (Patricia Jacobs)
  • lot o scientists yn credu bod ymddygiad ymosodl yn linked a genes
39
Q

weaknesses o XYY theories

A
  • Theilgaard 1984 dynion XYY dim mwy ymosodl na XY
  • anwybyddu envirnomental factors
  • abnolmarwydd genetig yn gyffredin yn poblogaeth - doesn’t explain
40
Q

2 researcher gwahannol XYY theory

A

Francis Galton 1901

Patricia Jacobs 1965

41
Q

be oedd theory francis galton ( XYY)

A

hereditory features - talent, cymeriad, lliw llygaid

alcoholiaeth, meddwl gwan, troseddu

42
Q

be ydir cysylltiad hefo XYY

A

XYY karyotype ac ymddygiad bygythiol

43
Q

how many males have XYY

A

1 in every 1000
0.1%

44
Q

difference in behaviour of XYY and XY

A

allu is a problemmau ymddygiadol

fwy bygythiol

nawr some evidence against this

45
Q

be oedd sample size Patricia Jacobs

A

315 dynion

46
Q

lle nath Patricia Jacobs neud experiment hi

A

ysbytu maxium secuirrty scotland 1965

47
Q

be oedd canlyniadau Patrica Jacobs

A

1 in every 28 - 4%

40 times more likely than general pop!!!

48
Q

how many men with XYY go undiagnosed

49
Q

pwy ydir case study o brain injury

A

Phineas Gage

50
Q

what happend to phinease gage

A

railwayworker

51
Q

where did gage get injured

A

labed flaen chwith yr ymenydd

52
Q

effaith ar personality gage

A

antisocial
defnyddio iaith anweddus
anghwrtais + lying

53
Q

astudiaethau arall linked to brain injury

A

carchorion fwy tebyg o fod wedi cael anaf ir pen

McIsacc et all 2016
Aaron Hernandez NFL (2013)

54
Q

effaith diweddar ar brain injuries

A

mwy o sylw gan bod technoleg yn gwella

55
Q

Brain Injury Case ar brain working

A

Raine, Buchsbaum a La Casse

PET sgans cymharu hefo normal a criminals

different parts of brain activity

violent prisoners brain works differently

56
Q

testestorone

A
  • corolation cryf iawn
  • effeithio low and high producing
  • testestorone peak + prisoner
57
Q

eostrogen

A

PMT ar ol cael babi wedi cael ei derbyn fel esgys yn llys

58
Q

Be ydir effaith cymryd testestorone ychwannegol?

A

life expectancy dec

suicide inc
car crash inc
heart disease inc

59
Q

what does testestorone do to the body

A

suppresses immune system

60
Q

how many times more likely are men to kill

61
Q

why do men kill more often

A

subconsciously to get rid of competition

62
Q

what are high seretonin rich food

A

wyau
nuts + seeds
turkey (poultry)
soy foods
cheese
seaweed

63
Q

what is low level of seretonin linked to

A

criminal behaviour
depression

64
Q

what does depression do

A

arafu yr ymenydd

65
Q

experiment seretonin

A

29 antisocial kids - i gyd hefo low or sample

66
Q

be mae seretonin yn neud

A

hormone + neurotransmitter

67
Q

pam mae seretonin yn used fatha happy drug

A

rheoli mood

68
Q

what can you find in food with high protein levels

A

tryptoffan

69
Q

be mae tryptoffan yn neud

A

codi lefel seretonin yr brain

UNIT 2 - Criminology AS Level 🍒🪩 (5 decks)

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