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UNIT 2 - Criminology AS Level 🍒🪩 > MPA 2.3 Sociological Theories > Flashcards

MPA 2.3 Sociological Theories Flashcards

1
Q

meaning gwyliadwriaeth synoptig

A

pawb yn gwylio pawb

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2
Q

pwy ti fod i siarad am yn surveillance theories

A

focault - panopticon

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3
Q

defenition of surveilance theories

A

monitro pobl i rheoli troseddau, cynhyrchu proffilau o unigolion o grwpiau

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4
Q

meaning o panopticon

A

pawb yn gweld

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5
Q

3 steps i siarad am surveillance theories

A

1 - yn cymdeithas modern rhaid rheoli mwy trwy hunan wyliadwriaeth

2 - celloedd i gyd yn weladwy o fan gwylio canolog

3 - gwliadwriaeth yn troi’n hunanwyliadwriaeth

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6
Q

cryfderau right realism

A

1 - helpu cyfeirio ymchwil y llwyodraeth i droseddu

2 - cynnig dull mwy practical o ddelio a troseddau

3 - flood page et al yn ategu’r farn bod y teulu yn dirywio

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7
Q

gwendidadu right wing realism

A

1 - rhy barod i derbyn stats troseddu

2 - anwybyddu’r achosion strwythurol troseddu fel tlodi

3 -anwubyddu’r blwch cynyddol rhwng y cyfoethog ar tlawd

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8
Q

be di key word yr right realism theory

A

rational choice theory

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9
Q

be di idea rational choice thoery (right)

A

lleihad mewn safonnau moesol

J Wilson - America - trosedd cynyddu cause pobl drwg a hunanol, dim yn ofni’r cosb

pobl yn torri’r gyfraith pan budd yn mwy na cosb

also blames lack of traditional family units

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10
Q

cryfderau left realism theory

A

1 - rhoi mwy o sylw i rol y dioddefwyr na other any theory

2 - cydnabod achosion niferus trosedd

3 - peidio mawrygu’r heddlu na ymosod arno

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11
Q

gwendidau left realism

A

1 - dim yn esbonio pam nad yw pawb mewn deprivation yn troi ar drosedd

2 - cymysgedd o’r damcaniaethau eraill i gyd

3 - dim yn esbonio white colar crimes

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12
Q

left realism theory

A

inequality stems from a capitalist society

inequality is route cause of crime

communities lost trust in police

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13
Q

supporting theory left realism

A

byddin gynyddol o bobl ifanc di waith yn defnyddio trais a troseddu fel modd o fynegi eu hunain instead of interest in politics

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14
Q

name i need to remember to say in right realism

A

J Q Wilson (america)

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15
Q

key word o interactionalists

A

labelling theory

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16
Q

cryfderau interactionalists

A

1 - tynnu sylw at ganlyniad negatif labelu pobl

2 - tynnu sylw at wendidas ystadegau swyddogol

3 - tynnu sylw at rol y cyfryngau wrth ddiffinio a creu gwyredd

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17
Q

gwendidau interactionalists theory

A

1 - dim yn esbonio pam mae deviance yn digwydd yn y lle cyntaf

2 - anwybyddu’r dioddefwr

3 - dim angen label ar troseddwr iddo wybod ei fod yn gwneud rhywbeth drwg

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18
Q

pwy di interactionalists

A

howard becker

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19
Q

interactionalists - be di’r types of deviance

A

cynradd
gwyredd sydd ddim yn derbyn sylwr cyhoedd ac felly heb label

eilradd
derbyn label gan cymdeithas

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20
Q

be i siarad am mewn interactionalists theory

A

1 - neb yn wyrdroedig yn naturiol ond yn wyrdroedig o dan label a hynny sydd yn dylanwadu ar ymddygiad

2 - 2 types of deviance a explain

3 - label works as a self fulfilling prophecy - master status

4 - moral panic, arwain at beio pobl penodl, folk devils a’i gwthio i gyrrion society

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21
Q

di’r quote i dysgu hefor interactionalists

A

“deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label”

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22
Q

pwy di’r 2 boi functionalists

A

Merton
Durkeim

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23
Q

supporting theory guy i functionalists

A

Cohen (status frustration)

24
Q

be di supporting theory functionalists

A

Cohen

lower classes commit crime because they can’t do through legal means

this creates alternative hierarchy - ennill parch trwy troseddu

25
Q

cryfderau functionalists theory

A

1 - da i egluro sut gall troseddu fod yn rhywbeth positif i gymdeithas

2 - dangos sut gsll cyfyngu dewis pobl mewn bywyd arwain at ymddygiad gwyredig

3 - merton yn canolbwyntio ar data syn dangos yn lir cysylltiad rhwng troseddu a tlodi

26
Q

gwendidau functionalist theories

A

1 - durkheim - tor cyfraith yn hanfodl i gymdeithas weithio’n iawn ond dim yn deud faint o dor cyfraith sy’n ormod

2 - troseddu ddim o werth i’r dioddefwyr

3 - metron - dueddol o ignorio trosedd yr rich

27
Q

key word functionalists

28
Q

be ydi anomi

A

symptom o cymdeithas gwael

29
Q

be di durkeim theory functionalists

A

deviant behaviour is normal ac inevitable

trosedd yn cyflawni swyddogaeth mewn cymdeithas

30
Q

durkheim - be mae trosedd yn neud mewn cymdeithas

A

1 - hyrwyddo newid cymdeithasol

2 - dod a pobl at ei gilydd

3 - cadw ffiniau

4 - rhybuddio

31
Q

keyword merton functionalists

A

strain theory

32
Q

be di’r 5 groups merton

A

conformity
innovation
ritualism
retreatism
rebellion

33
Q

be di anomi durkeim

A

rhywbeth oedd yn datblygu yn sgil diffyg intigreiddio i mewn i normau a gwerthoedd cymdeithas

34
Q

anomi merton

A

intigreiddio gormod - isho americain dream felly’n barod i droseddu iw cyrraedd

35
Q

be di theory merton

A

strain theory

rhywun yn ceisio cyflawni rhywbeth ond heb y modd iw cyflawni

36
Q

Merton - conformity

A

ceisio gwella sefyllfa o fewn cymdeithas ( gweithio am american dream)

37
Q

Merton - innovation

A

eisio gwella ond mewn ffordd illegal

38
Q

Merton - ritualism

A

wedi rhoi gorau trio gwella, plod along with dead end jobs

39
Q

Merton - retreatism

A

gwrthod modd a llwyddiant (dropouts, vagrant, drunkards, drug addicts)

40
Q

Merton - rebellion

A

gwrthod modd a llwyddiant ond dod fyny hefo rhai newydd eg hippies

41
Q

cryfderau marcswyr

A

1 - cynnig esboniad am droseddu sy’n cynnwys pob dosbarth cymdeithasol

2 - tynnu sylw at effaith gorfodi’r gyfraith

3 - dangos sut mae’r gyfraith yn adlwyrchu gwahaniaethau mewn grym rhwng y social groups

42
Q

gwendidau marcwsyr theory

A

1 - anwybyddu other inequalities which aren’t class related

2 - gordeud faint o droseddau sy’n digwydd mewn cymunedau working class

3 - llawer o pobl yn cael ei herlyn am white coler crimes

43
Q

% of stats marcswyr think aren’t right

44
Q

key words o marcswyr

A

bourgeoise
proletariat

45
Q

marcswyr theory

A

gwrthryfel (including crimes) cause o capitalism

elite hefo pwer yn defnyddior gyfraith i amddiffyn eu safle breintedig trwy rhoi mwy o sylw i droseddau pobl tlawd

46
Q

be dir 4 things mae marcswyr yn meddwl syn achosi crimes

A

1 - tlodi yn arwain pobl i droseddu er mwy’n goroesi

2 -system capitalisms yn gwthio consumerism - troseddu i cael pethau

3 - inequality - troseddau treisiol

4 - dog eat dog

47
Q

marcswyr - how many white colar crimes are prosecuted

A

3 out of 200

48
Q

what are the 5 main points to remember about marxists

A

1 - crime is due to inequalities in society
2 - capitalism pushes consumerism
3 - white collar crime is seen as less serious
4 - working class is treated differently by society
5 - official crime statistics can be manipulated

49
Q

what was marxs solution

A

new social structure - communism, everyone equal
no private ownership of land or property

50
Q

mertons 5 things

A

conformity
innovation
ritualism
retreatism
rebellion

51
Q

side note - 1 advantage , 1 disadvantage of of merton strain theory

A

same goals can lead to different behaviour - conformists and innovators
lower class more likely to commit crime

ignores crime of wealthy

52
Q

6 points of marxists to rwtchan am

A
  • capitalists social structure
  • bourgeoise / proletariat
  • effects of capitalism
  • cause of crime
  • white collar crime
  • working class targeted from police
53
Q

what would you write for a merton question 5 marker

A
  • unequal society
  • success measured in wealth
  • strive for success but can’t achieve - anomi
  • innovation and retreatism may lead to crime
  • cohen - deviant leads to low self worth
54
Q

supporting theory left wing

A

lea and young - relative deprevation

media shows people what other people want others in society to have and this makes them feel deprived by contrast

55
Q

5 things to talk about with right wing question

A
  • political conservatism
  • tough on crime
  • underclass responsible for crime
  • charles murray
  • criminals lack social bonds
  • use of cctv and zero tolerance
56
Q

5 things to talk about with left wing question

A
  • more equal and caring society is needed
  • inequalities created by a capitalist society
  • poeple don’t have power or resources to fullly participate in society and are therefore marginalised
  • crime could be reduced by improving leisure facilities for the young

UNIT 2 - Criminology AS Level 🍒🪩 (7 decks)

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