movementOM section of struc+func FOR EXAM

Question 1

2.55B plants take in water from the soil through

Answer 1

their root hairs

Question 2

2.55B root hairs are thinwalled

Answer 2

for a short distance

Question 3

2.55B root hairs have hair-like extensions to

Answer 3

increase the surface area

Question 4

2.55B the function of a root hair is to

Answer 4

absorb water and minerals from the soil

Question 5

2.55B mineral ions are

Answer 5

actively transported into the root hair cells

Question 6

2.55B water will enter the root hair cell by

Answer 6

osmosis

Question 7

2.55B the soil water has a … concentration of water molecules

Answer 7

higher

Question 8

2.55B osmosis is

Answer 8

the net diffusion of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 9

2.56B the loss of water vapour from the leaves is called

Answer 9

transpiration

Question 10

2.56B examiners definition of transpiration

Answer 10

the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant

Question 11

2.57B how does temperature affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 11

water will evaporate quickly as the water molecules have more kinetic energy

Question 12

2.57B how does humidity affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 12

humid air - water vapour = smaller conc gradient so transpiration slows down

Question 13

2.57B how does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 13

moving air - water vapour blown away from leaf - speeds up transpiration

Question 14

2.57B how does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 14

in daylight stomata leaves are open to supply CO2 for photosynthesis
allows more water to diffuse out leaves into atmosphere

Question 15

2.57B transpiration .. as wind speed ..

Answer 15

transpiration increases as wind speed increases

Question 16

2.57B transpiration .. as humidity ..

Answer 16

transpiration increases as humidity decreases

Question 17

2.57B transpiration .. as temperature ..

Answer 17

transpiration increase as temp increases

Question 18

2.57B light intensity does NOT affect

Answer 18

evaporation

Question 19

2.58B practical: how to set up a potometer

Answer 19

set up underwater
cut the stem
shoot stem in bung
grease joint w jelly (no air entry/water loss)
bung in potometer
tap closed full of water
lift potometer out of water
leave end of capillary tube out of water until air bubble forms & then put in beaker of water
measure rate as distance bubble travelled in 5 mins

Question 20

2.58B practical: a potometer is to measure

Answer 20

measure the rate of water uptake from a leafy shoot

Question 21

2.58B practical: we can use potometer to collect readings in normal air or windy conditions by

Answer 21

using a hairdryer on cold

Question 22

2.58B practical: we can use potometer to collect readings in temperature

Answer 22

increases and decreases

Question 23

2.58B practical: we can use potometer to collect readings in increased humidity by

Answer 23

using a clear plastic bag

Question 24

2.58B practical: we can use potometer to collect readings by changing the l & d

Answer 24

lightness and darkness

Question 25

2.58B practical: changing the environmental factors stimulates

Answer 25

all the different conditions which affect the rate of transpiration

Question 26

2.71 what are the excretory products of the lungs

Answer 26

carbon dioxide
(via blood plasma)

Question 27

2.71 what are the excretory products of the kidneys

Answer 27

urea

Question 28

2.71 what are the excretory products of the skin

Answer 28

urea

Question 29

2.71 water is lost from the body in the following ways:

Answer 29

via the lungs during exhalation (breathing out)
lost from the skin as sweat (along side mineral ions and urea)

Question 30

2.72B what does the kidney do

Answer 30

it filters the blood and removes any excess materials and passes them to the bladder to be excreted

Question 31

2.72B the kidney contains millions of tiny structures called

Answer 31

nephrons

Question 32

2.72B nephrons are structures which

Answer 32

filter the blood

Question 33

2.72B what are the 3 main regions of the kidney

Answer 33

cortex, medulla and renal pelvis

Question 34

2.74B what are the 3 stages that occur in the nephron

Answer 34

ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption and water reabsorption

Question 35

2.74B the main sections in a nephron

Answer 35

bowman’s capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct

Question 36

2.74B surrounding the tubule is a network of

Answer 36

capillaries with a knotted section which sits inside the bowman’s capsule

Question 37

2.74B where does the glomerulus sit

Answer 37

inside the bowmans capsule

Question 38

2.74B what shape is the bowmans capsule

Answer 38

cup shaped

Question 39

2.74B the glomerulus is a knot of

Answer 39

capillaries

Question 40

2.74B where is glucose reabsorbed

Answer 40

in the proximal first convoluted tubule

Question 41

2.74B the gates that facilitate the active transport of glucose are

Answer 41

only found in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 42

2.74B the cells lining in the PCT have many mitochondria to

Answer 42

provide ATP (energy) for active transport

Question 43

2.74B the cells lining in the PCT have a folded membrane

Answer 43

to increase surface area

Question 44

2.74B where is water reabsorbed

Answer 44

loop of henle and collecting duct

Question 45

2.74B where are salts reabsorbed

Answer 45

loop of henle

Question 46

2.75B step1. the diameter of the efferent arteriole at the exit of the glomerulus is

Answer 46

smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole at the entrance causing a build up of pressure

Question 47

2.75B step1. the build up of pressure in the capillaries forms the

Answer 47

glomerulus

Question 48

2.75B step2. the pressure causes the smaller molecules being carried in the blood to be forced out of the capillaries and into

Answer 48

the bowman’s capsule
where they form the glomerular filtrate

Question 49

2.75B step2. small molecules like urea, glucose, amino acids, water and salts are forced

Answer 49

out the glomerulus into the bowmans capsule

Question 50

2.75B step3. larger molecules like proteins or red blood cells are

Answer 50

too big to fit across the capillary wall so they stay in the blood

Question 51

2.75B where is water reabsorbed

Answer 51

loop of henle & collecting duct

Question 52

2.75B where are salts reabsorbed

Answer 52

loop of henle

Question 53

2.75B where is glucose reabsorbed

Answer 53

proximal first convoluted

Question 54

2.75B where is urea reabsorbed

Answer 54

it is NOT reabsorbed

Question 55

2.75B what small molecules are pushed through

Answer 55

urea, glucose, amino acids, water and salts

Question 56

2.75B what large molecules are too big to go through so stay in the blood

Answer 56

proteins and red blood cells

Question 57

2.75B what makes up the glomerular filtrate

Answer 57

urea, glucose, amino acids, water and salts

Question 58

2.77B after the glomerular filtrate enters the bowman’s capsule what’s the first thing to be reabsorbed

Answer 58

glucose is the first substance to be reabsorbed at the proximal (first) convoluted tubule

Question 59

2.77B selective reabsorption takes place by

Answer 59

active transport

Question 60

2.77B the cells lining in the PCT have a folded membrane for

Answer 60

an increased surface area

Question 61

2.77B the cells lining in the PCT have many mitochondria to

Answer 61

provide ATP (energy) for active transport

Question 62

2.77B reabsorption of glucose cannot take place anywhere else in the nephron as

Answer 62

the gates that facilitate the active transport of glucose are only found in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 63

2.77B where does selective reabsorption of glucose occur

Answer 63

in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 64

2.77B what’s special about the reabsorption of glucose

Answer 64

its selectively reabsorped

Question 65

2.79B urine contains

Answer 65

water, urea and ions

Question 66

2.79B if someone is diabetic their urine may contain

Answer 66

glucose

Question 67

2.79B urine produced by the kidneys contains a mixture of

Answer 67

urea
excess mineral ions
excess water

Question 68

2.79B small quantities of urine are usually darker yellow / orange in colour because

Answer 68

it contains little water and so the urea is more concentrated

Question 69

2.79B large quantities of urine are usually pale yellow in colour

Answer 69

because it contains a lot of water and so the urea is less concentrated

Question 70

2.79B what produces urine

Answer 70

the kidneys