Movement Science Final Flashcards
Task Related Determinants of Sit-to-stand
- generate anterior momentum of head, arms, and trunk (INITIATION)
- control anterior displacement of whole body COM over new base of support (EXECUTION)
- generate vertical momentum to raise COM (EXECUTION)
- arrest forward and vertical momentum of whole-body COM (TERMINATION)
Task sequence
- initial conditions
- preparation
- initiation
- execution
- termination
- outcome
Task-related determinants of forward reach
- generate anterior momentum of the head, arms, and trunk COM
- generate momentum of one UE to elevate it forward
- control the whole-body COM forward momentum adjustments
- coordinate COM momentum for each trunk, arm, and head to reach target
Task-related determinants of supine to stand
- generate momentum to displace the whole-body COM over the feet
- orient the head, arms, and trunk segments to place whole-body COM over feet
- establish new base of support with feet on floor
- generate vertical momentum to raise whole-body COM
- arrest forward and vertical momentum of whole-body COM
Critical events of initial contact
heel contact
critical events of loading response
controlled knee flexion
heel rocker
hip & pelvic stability (peak demand on hip abductors)
critical events of midstance
hip and pelvic stability
ankle rocker (controlled tibial advancement)
critical events of terminal stance
forefoot rocker (60° extension of 1st MTP joint)
hip extension 10°
critical events of pre-swing
rapid ankle plantarflexion (biggest power generator of gait!!)
passive knee flexion
critical events of initial swing
peak knee flexion 60° (most knee flexion is passive, coming from hip and ankle PF)
critical events of mid-swing
peak hip flexion 30° (2nd biggest power generator of gait!!)
ankle dorsiflexion to neutral
what phases of gait are included in stance period?
initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing
what phases of gait are included in swing period?
initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing
Muscles active during loading response
ECC: glute max, glute med, adductor magnus, quadriceps, tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL
CON: TFL, hamstrings, tibialis posterior
Muscles active during midstance
ECC: glute max, glute med, quads, plantarflexors
CON: TFL, hamstrings
Muscles active during terminal stance
ECC: TFL, plantarflexors
CON: short head of biceps femoris
Muscles active during pre-swing
ECC: rectus femoris (eccentric control of hip extension and knee flexion)
CON: gracilis, sartorius
some of everything in ankle
Muscles active during initial swing
CON: iliacus, gracilis, sartorius, short head of biceps femoris
ECC: EDL, EHL, tibialis anterior
Muscles active during midswing
CON: knee flexors, tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL
Muscles active during terminal swing
ECC: hamstrings, glute max, glute med, tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL
CON: TFL, quads
Flat foot contact
-Compensate for weak quads
-Heel pain
-Excess knee flexion/plantarflexion in TSw
Decreases forward momentum of tibia, poor position for heel rocker, decreased shock absorption
Excess plantarflexion
SLS: PF hypertonicity, weak quads, ankle pain (decreases forward progression of tibia over ankle and forefoot)
SLA: weak pretibials, PF hypertonicity, lack of selective DF control in TSw (interferes with foot clearance, and foot position for IC)
Excess dorsiflexion
WA: secondary to excess hip or knee flexion (increases demand on hip and knee extensors, decreases stability)
SLS: weak calf, intentional to lower opposite limb for contact (TSt), excess midfoot DF because of limited ankle mobility (interferes with heel riser and decreases step length of opposite limb)
Overactivity of tib. anterior, tib. post, or soleus in weight acceptance and single leg stance can lead to..
excess inversion
