MC/ML Flashcards
Discrete motor skill
specified beginning and end point
ex: hitting ball w/bat
Serial motor skill
continuous series of discrete skills
ex: sit to stand, floor gymnastics routine
Continuous motor skill
no recognizable beginning or end; usually involves reptitive, uninterrupted movements
ex: running, swimming, cycling
Closed motor skill
stationary support surface, object, and/or other people
performer determines when to begin the action
open motor skill
involves a supporting surface, object, and/or people in motion
environmental features determine when to begin the action
General Motor Ability Hypothesis
many motor abilities are highly related, person can be described as having global motor ability
Specificity of Motor Ability Hypothesis
many motor abilities are relatively independent, each person varies in the amount of each ability
Massed practice
amount of practice time in a trial greater than amount of rest between trials
usually longer and fewer sessions
ideal for conditioning
often applied to continuous skills
Distributed practice
amount of rest between trials is equal to or greater than amount of time for a trial
more frequent and shorter sessions, can improve learning
allows learner to reflect
preferred when: safety is of concern, goal is for strong performance on every trial, limit fatigue
Constant variable
practice one variation of the skill
Variable practice
increases ability to adapt and generalize learning
more difficult during acquisition and tends to degrade performance but tends to increase learning and transfer
Random practice
no particular order
most effective when used with skills that use different patterns of coordination
does not integrate well with constant practice
Contextual interference
memory and performance disruption that results from performing variations of a skill within the context of practice
high amount = better learning
Regulatory conditions
features of the environment that shape the movement (movements much conform to achieve goal)
i.e. uphill/downhill
Non-regulatory conditions
features of the environment that don’t shape movement and movement doesn’t have to conform but affects movement i.e. performance anxiety
When is massed practice preferred?
conditioning; often applied to continuous
Massed vs. Distributed Practice
Massed = amount of practice time is greater than rest
- longer fewer sessions
Distributed= rest is greater or equal to practice time
- more frequent, shorter
When is distributed practice preferred?
safety is concern, goal is strong performance every trial, want to limit fatigue, limit provocation of symptoms
What is variable practice good for? Bad for?
increasing adaptability and generalizes learning
difficult during acquisition and can degrade performance BUT can increase learning and performance
When is random practice more effective?
with skills that use different patterns of coordination
Knowledge of results
about outcome of movement
Knowledge of performane
feedback about movement characteristics
_____ of feedback should fade with learning improving
frequency
What can happen if feedback is given to quickly?
does not allow learner time to internalize
