Applied Exercise Science Flashcards
1
Q
Maximal Exercise BP (with monitoring)
A
250/150
2
Q
1 MET =
A
3.5 ml/kg/min
3
Q
Normal fasting blood glucose levels
A
60-100 mg/dL
4
Q
Diabetic fasting blood glucose levels
A
126 mg/dL +
5
Q
Blood glucose levels taken pre-exercise that indicates ability to exercise
A
100-250 mg/dL
6
Q
Blood glucose level that runs the risk of hypoglycemia with exercise
A
<100 mg/dL
7
Q
Normal Hgb females
A
12.2-14.7
8
Q
Normal Hgb males
A
14.4-16.6
9
Q
Normal Hct females
A
38-44%
10
Q
Normal Hct males
A
43-49%
11
Q
What Hct indicates no exercise?
A
<20
12
Q
What WBC value indicates caution with exercise?
A
<3,900 with fever
13
Q
Platelet count that indicates no exercise
A
<10,000 and/or temp >100.5
14
Q
Normal platelet count
A
150,000-400,000
15
Q
Normal RBC count males
A
4.7-5.5 10^6
16
Q
Normal RBC females
A
4.1-49
17
Q
Normal INR
A
0.9-1.1
18
Q
Normal INR if on anticoagulation therapy
A
2.-3
19
Q
Normal response to exercise
A
Increased RR, rise in SBP, minimal or no change in DBP (<10 mmHg), rise in HR
20
Q
Within 5 minutes of rest..
A
BP should return to within 10 mmHg and HR to within 10 BPM of resting value
21
Q
BP & HR changes to STOP exercise
A
SBP >250 mmHg with EKG monitoring
SBP 200-220 mmHg without monitoring
Sudden drop in SBP >10 mmHg
Failure of SBP to rise
DBP >115 with monitoring or 100-110 without EKG
Decrease in HR below baseline
22
Q
Neurological S&S to stop exercise
A
Dizziness/lightheadedness, confusion, ataxia, shaking/tremors
23
Q
Pain changes to indicate stopping exercise
A
Leg cramps or severe claudication, chest/arm/jaw pain, moderate to severe angina
24
Q
SPO2 change that indicates to stop exercise
A
Drop below >10% below baseline or <88%
25
Normal FEV1/FVC in healthy adults
>80%
26
Normal FEV1
2.5-4 L
27
Normal FVC
3-5 L
28
Who is the traditional formula of calculating HRmax (220-age) applicable to?
Healthy males, females, or children
29
Test that could be considered a performance test and a predictive test
6-minute walk test
30
What happens to HRR with training?
Increases
31
Karvonan Formula
THR = (HRmax - HRrest)(%intensity) + HRrest
32
High intensity in HIIT
>90% VO2max
>75% maximal power
>6/10 Borg
85-95% HRpeak
Supramaximal effort
33
Chronic adaptations to HIIT
Increased lung capacity, increased SV, increased blood volume, increased insulin sensitivity
34
HIIT is proven to improve:
RMR, VO2max, endurance capacity, substrate metabolism, body comp, insulin sensitivity, cognitive functions
35
HIIT decreases the risk of...
CV disease, breast CA, metabolic syndrome, OA, RA (causing LBP)
36
MICT (Moderate Intensity Continuous Training)
Usually 30-60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise at 40% to <60% of oxygen consumption reserve
37
Sprint Interval Training (SIT)
Efforts of
38
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
Intervals lasting 60 seconds to 5 minutes performed at 85-95% HRpeak
39
Absolute contraindications to HIIT
Obstructive left main artery disease, unstable angina, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, acute endo/myo/pericardittis, moderate to severe aortic stenosis, decompensate HF, PE or DVT, aortic dissection, higher degree heart block, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, recent MI/CABG, recent CVA/TIA
40
What has a stronger association to ADLs?
Power
41
Power is a __________ in older adults
stronger predictor of fall risk & mortality
42
Range of % 1-RM for power training
40-60%
43
Dosing for power
40-60% 1-RM, 6 sets of
44
What does power training improve?
Improvements in muscle size, fascicle length, strength, power, gait speed, STS
45
Power training is best for:
fast walking speed, TUG, STS
46
Osteoporosis
Less than 2.5 SD below avg
47
For an 85 year old person to live independently they need a minimum aerobic capacity of:
18 ml/O2/kg/min (men)
15 ml/O2/kg/min (women)
48
Is walking speed a reliable measurement?
Yes
49
Self-selected walking speed is associated with:
mortality and disability
50
What is fast walking speed measurement good for?
Portrays larger deficits which might be missed or underestimated
Index of functional reserve
51
What gait speed is a predictor for well-being in those without normal walking speed?
Gain of 0.1 m/s
52
Most common MDC for walking speed
0.1-0.2 m/s
53
Functional community ambulation gait speed
>1.0 m/s
54
Danger zone for gait speed
<0.6 m/s
55
Yellow flag walking speed (warning)
0.6-1.0 m/s
56
MCID for self-selected walking speed
.1 m/s
57
Walking speed cut off point for negative health outcomes
>1.0
58
Name 5 assumptions of submax exercise testing
1. Steady-state HR is obtained for each exercise work rate
2. Maximal HR for a given age is uniform
3. Mechanical efficiency is the same for everyone
4. There is a linear relationship between HR and workload
5. HR will vary depending on fitness level between subjects at any given workload
59
Normal oral glucose tolerance test
<140
60
Diabetic oral glucose tolerance test
>200
61
What blood glucose level taken pre-exercise warrants caution?
>250-300
62
Is exercise appropriate if their are ketones in the urine?
NO
63
WBC indicating exercise as tolerated (normal)
3,900-11,000
64
What Hct level is where reduced capacity for exercise begins?
30%
65
What Hgb warrants a discussion with the MD?
<8.0
66
Respiratory indications to stop exercise
Moderate to severe dyspnea (unable to say 5 words)
Abnormal breathing pattern (wheezing, stridor, wet)
67
What VO2 is considered disabled by social security administration?
<18 ml/kg/min (~5 METS)
68
What factors affect peak VO2?
age, sex, genetics, body comp, endurance training, disease
69
What percent of VO2 is anaerobic capacity typically?
~55%
70
Clinical manifestation of anaerboic threshold
Hyperventilation, difficulty talking
71
How many METS is moderate intensity?
3-6
72
How many METs is vigorous intensity?
>6
73
What is anaerobic threshold?
point where not capable of performing work solely aerobically
74
Submax exercise testing may _________ VO2 in untrained & _________ VO2 in trained
underestimates
overestimates
75
Predictors of walking speed
Leg strength/power, trunk muscle endurance, timing & coordination of gait, self-efficacy,
76
2 aspects of COPD
Chronic Bronchitis, emphysema
77
What is chronic bronchitis?
overproduction of mucus causing occlusion of airways -> difficulty exchanging O2
78
What is emphysema?
destruction of elastic fibers in the lungs -> fibers and alveoli are unable to recoil following exhalation = barrel chest (hyperinflation)
79
Increased breathing in COPD leads to:
hyperinflation and smaller tidal volumes
80
Does COPD impede lung filling or emptying?
emptying
81
What is the single greatest contributor to risk for COPD?
smoking
82
What happens to lung volume with restrictive lung disease?
diminishes
83
Extrapulmonary causes for restrictive lung disease
Neuromuscular disorders, chest wall disorders (kyphoscoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis, obesity, compression fx), pleural disorders (fibrosis, effusion)
84
What happens to FEV1/FVC ratio with restrictive lung disease and why?
Increases
FVC decreases so the proportion of air that can be expelled w/ FEV1 is often a larger % of FVC
84
Intrinsic restrictive lung diseases
Pulmonary fibrosis (intersticial lung disease), ARDS, malignancy, pulmonary edema, major lung resection
84
What mean arterial blood pressure is enough to sustain organs?
>60 mmHg
85
People with a-fib have a greater risk of what?
Throwing clots
86
Which cardiac test is differential?
EKG
87
What is the Borg Dyspnea scale target for pulmonary rehab?
4-6
88
When does muscle mass loss begin and accelerate?
Begins around 30 and accelerates after 60
89
Is LE or UE muscle loss faster?
LE
90
Annual decreases in muscle strength are _________ than annual loss of muscle mass. Why?
greater
Neural input; decreased recruiting and activating mm.
91
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