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DPT > Applied Exercise Science > Flashcards

Applied Exercise Science Flashcards

1
Q

Maximal Exercise BP (with monitoring)

A

250/150

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2
Q

1 MET =

A

3.5 ml/kg/min

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3
Q

Normal fasting blood glucose levels

A

60-100 mg/dL

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4
Q

Diabetic fasting blood glucose levels

A

126 mg/dL +

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5
Q

Blood glucose levels taken pre-exercise that indicates ability to exercise

A

100-250 mg/dL

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6
Q

Blood glucose level that runs the risk of hypoglycemia with exercise

A

<100 mg/dL

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7
Q

Normal Hgb females

A

12.2-14.7

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8
Q

Normal Hgb males

A

14.4-16.6

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9
Q

Normal Hct females

A

38-44%

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10
Q

Normal Hct males

A

43-49%

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11
Q

What Hct indicates no exercise?

A

<20

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12
Q

What WBC value indicates caution with exercise?

A

<3,900 with fever

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13
Q

Platelet count that indicates no exercise

A

<10,000 and/or temp >100.5

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14
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

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15
Q

Normal RBC count males

A

4.7-5.5 10^6

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16
Q

Normal RBC females

A

4.1-49

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17
Q

Normal INR

A

0.9-1.1

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18
Q

Normal INR if on anticoagulation therapy

A

2.-3

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19
Q

Normal response to exercise

A

Increased RR, rise in SBP, minimal or no change in DBP (<10 mmHg), rise in HR

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20
Q

Within 5 minutes of rest..

A

BP should return to within 10 mmHg and HR to within 10 BPM of resting value

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21
Q

BP & HR changes to STOP exercise

A

SBP >250 mmHg with EKG monitoring
SBP 200-220 mmHg without monitoring
Sudden drop in SBP >10 mmHg
Failure of SBP to rise
DBP >115 with monitoring or 100-110 without EKG
Decrease in HR below baseline

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22
Q

Neurological S&S to stop exercise

A

Dizziness/lightheadedness, confusion, ataxia, shaking/tremors

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23
Q

Pain changes to indicate stopping exercise

A

Leg cramps or severe claudication, chest/arm/jaw pain, moderate to severe angina

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24
Q

SPO2 change that indicates to stop exercise

A

Drop below >10% below baseline or <88%

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25
Q

Normal FEV1/FVC in healthy adults

A

> 80%

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26
Q

Normal FEV1

A

2.5-4 L

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27
Q

Normal FVC

A

3-5 L

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28
Q

Who is the traditional formula of calculating HRmax (220-age) applicable to?

A

Healthy males, females, or children

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29
Q

Test that could be considered a performance test and a predictive test

A

6-minute walk test

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30
Q

What happens to HRR with training?

A

Increases

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31
Q

Karvonan Formula

A

THR = (HRmax - HRrest)(%intensity) + HRrest

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32
Q

High intensity in HIIT

A

> 90% VO2max
75% maximal power
6/10 Borg
85-95% HRpeak
Supramaximal effort

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33
Q

Chronic adaptations to HIIT

A

Increased lung capacity, increased SV, increased blood volume, increased insulin sensitivity

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34
Q

HIIT is proven to improve:

A

RMR, VO2max, endurance capacity, substrate metabolism, body comp, insulin sensitivity, cognitive functions

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35
Q

HIIT decreases the risk of…

A

CV disease, breast CA, metabolic syndrome, OA, RA (causing LBP)

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36
Q

MICT (Moderate Intensity Continuous Training)

A

Usually 30-60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise at 40% to <60% of oxygen consumption reserve

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37
Q

Sprint Interval Training (SIT)

A

Efforts of </= 60 seconds with supramaximal effort or VO2max

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38
Q

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

A

Intervals lasting 60 seconds to 5 minutes performed at 85-95% HRpeak

39
Q

Absolute contraindications to HIIT

A

Obstructive left main artery disease, unstable angina, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, acute endo/myo/pericardittis, moderate to severe aortic stenosis, decompensate HF, PE or DVT, aortic dissection, higher degree heart block, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, recent MI/CABG, recent CVA/TIA

40
Q

What has a stronger association to ADLs?

A

Power

41
Q

Power is a __________ in older adults

A

stronger predictor of fall risk & mortality

42
Q

Range of % 1-RM for power training

A

40-60%

43
Q

Dosing for power

A

40-60% 1-RM, 6 sets of </= 6 reps, concentric as fast as possible

44
Q

What does power training improve?

A

Improvements in muscle size, fascicle length, strength, power, gait speed, STS

45
Q

Power training is best for:

A

fast walking speed, TUG, STS

46
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Less than 2.5 SD below avg

47
Q

For an 85 year old person to live independently they need a minimum aerobic capacity of:

A

18 ml/O2/kg/min (men)
15 ml/O2/kg/min (women)

48
Q

Is walking speed a reliable measurement?

A

Yes

49
Q

Self-selected walking speed is associated with:

A

mortality and disability

50
Q

What is fast walking speed measurement good for?

A

Portrays larger deficits which might be missed or underestimated
Index of functional reserve

51
Q

What gait speed is a predictor for well-being in those without normal walking speed?

A

Gain of 0.1 m/s

52
Q

Most common MDC for walking speed

A

0.1-0.2 m/s

53
Q

Functional community ambulation gait speed

A

> 1.0 m/s

54
Q

Danger zone for gait speed

A

<0.6 m/s

55
Q

Yellow flag walking speed (warning)

A

0.6-1.0 m/s

56
Q

MCID for self-selected walking speed

A

.1 m/s

57
Q

Walking speed cut off point for negative health outcomes

A

> 1.0

58
Q

Name 5 assumptions of submax exercise testing

A
  1. Steady-state HR is obtained for each exercise work rate
  2. Maximal HR for a given age is uniform
  3. Mechanical efficiency is the same for everyone
  4. There is a linear relationship between HR and workload
  5. HR will vary depending on fitness level between subjects at any given workload
59
Q

Normal oral glucose tolerance test

A

<140

60
Q

Diabetic oral glucose tolerance test

A

> 200

61
Q

What blood glucose level taken pre-exercise warrants caution?

A

> 250-300

62
Q

Is exercise appropriate if their are ketones in the urine?

A

NO

63
Q

WBC indicating exercise as tolerated (normal)

A

3,900-11,000

64
Q

What Hct level is where reduced capacity for exercise begins?

A

30%

65
Q

What Hgb warrants a discussion with the MD?

A

<8.0

66
Q

Respiratory indications to stop exercise

A

Moderate to severe dyspnea (unable to say 5 words)
Abnormal breathing pattern (wheezing, stridor, wet)

67
Q

What VO2 is considered disabled by social security administration?

A

<18 ml/kg/min (~5 METS)

68
Q

What factors affect peak VO2?

A

age, sex, genetics, body comp, endurance training, disease

69
Q

What percent of VO2 is anaerobic capacity typically?

A

~55%

70
Q

Clinical manifestation of anaerboic threshold

A

Hyperventilation, difficulty talking

71
Q

How many METS is moderate intensity?

A

3-6

72
Q

How many METs is vigorous intensity?

A

> 6

73
Q

What is anaerobic threshold?

A

point where not capable of performing work solely aerobically

74
Q

Submax exercise testing may _________ VO2 in untrained & _________ VO2 in trained

A

underestimates

overestimates

75
Q

Predictors of walking speed

A

Leg strength/power, trunk muscle endurance, timing & coordination of gait, self-efficacy,

76
Q

2 aspects of COPD

A

Chronic Bronchitis, emphysema

77
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

overproduction of mucus causing occlusion of airways -> difficulty exchanging O2

78
Q

What is emphysema?

A

destruction of elastic fibers in the lungs -> fibers and alveoli are unable to recoil following exhalation = barrel chest (hyperinflation)

79
Q

Increased breathing in COPD leads to:

A

hyperinflation and smaller tidal volumes

80
Q

Does COPD impede lung filling or emptying?

A

emptying

81
Q

What is the single greatest contributor to risk for COPD?

A

smoking

82
Q

What happens to lung volume with restrictive lung disease?

A

diminishes

83
Q

Extrapulmonary causes for restrictive lung disease

A

Neuromuscular disorders, chest wall disorders (kyphoscoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis, obesity, compression fx), pleural disorders (fibrosis, effusion)

84
Q

What happens to FEV1/FVC ratio with restrictive lung disease and why?

A

Increases

FVC decreases so the proportion of air that can be expelled w/ FEV1 is often a larger % of FVC

84
Q

Intrinsic restrictive lung diseases

A

Pulmonary fibrosis (intersticial lung disease), ARDS, malignancy, pulmonary edema, major lung resection

84
Q

What mean arterial blood pressure is enough to sustain organs?

A

> 60 mmHg

85
Q

People with a-fib have a greater risk of what?

A

Throwing clots

86
Q

Which cardiac test is differential?

A

EKG

87
Q

What is the Borg Dyspnea scale target for pulmonary rehab?

A

4-6

88
Q

When does muscle mass loss begin and accelerate?

A

Begins around 30 and accelerates after 60

89
Q

Is LE or UE muscle loss faster?

A

LE

90
Q

Annual decreases in muscle strength are _________ than annual loss of muscle mass. Why?

A

greater

Neural input; decreased recruiting and activating mm.

91
Q
A

DPT (8 decks)

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