Movement at a Joint/ Muscle contractions/ Antagonistic pair

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Bending or closing a joint. Angle of joint decreases. e.g. elbow flexes during upward phase of bicep curl.

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

Straightening a joint. Angle of joint increases. e.g. elbow extends during downward phase of bicep curl

Question 3

Adduction

Answer 3

Sideways moving limb towards midline of the body. Adduction is to ADD towards the midline.

Question 4

Abduction

Answer 4

Sideways moving limb away from midline of the body. Abduction is to TAKE AWAY from the midline.

Question 5

Circumduction

Answer 5

Where the limb moves in a circle. Occurs at shoulder. e.g. overarm tennis serve

Question 6

Rotation

Answer 6

Limb moves in circular motion around fixed joint from midline of the body. e.g. in the hip in golf while performing a drive.

Question 7

Plantar flexion

Answer 7

Pointing the toes. Movement occurs at ankle only e.g. point toes in ballet.

Question 8

Dorsiflexion

Answer 8

Foot moves towards the shin as if pulling toes up. e.g. ski jumper in flight.

Question 9

Antagonist pair

Answer 9

Muscles work in pairs at joints to cause movements.

Question 10

Agonist

Answer 10

The muscle contracts, pulling the bone causing movement. Also called the ‘prime mover’.

Question 11

Antagonist

Answer 11

Produces opposite action to agonist. The muscle relaxes so it doesn’t impede movement.

Question 12

Isotonic

Answer 12

When muscles change length as they contract. There are two types: concentric and eccentric.

Question 13

Concentric

Answer 13

Muscles shorten as they contract.

Question 14

Eccentric

Answer 14

Muscle lengthens as it contracts.

Question 15

Isometric

Answer 15

When muscles stay the same length as they contract