Movement and Exercise

Question 1

Types of joint movement:
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Eversion
Inversion
Pronation
Supination

Answer 1

Flexion: Decreasing the angle of a joint (eg, bending an elbow)
Extension: Increasing the angle of a joint (eg, straightening the arm at the elbow)
Hyperextension - extending a joint past straight (eg, bending the head back past straight)
Abduction - movement of the bone away from the midline of the body
Adduction - movement of the bone toward the midline of the body
Rotation - movement of the bone around its central axis
Circumduction - Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
Eversion - Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint
Inversion - Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint
Pronation - moving the bones of the forearm so the palm of the hand faces down
Supination - moving the bones of the forearm so the palm of the hand faces up

Question 2

What is propriception?

Answer 2

Awareness of posture, movement and changes in equilibrium as well as the knowledge of weight, position and resistance of objects in relation to the body

Question 3

Types of muscle contractions

Answer 3

Isotonic
Isometric
Isokinetic
Aerobic - increases oxygen use (jogging, swimming, etc)
Anaerobic - so intense the body can’t access enough oxygen for its needs (sprinting, powerlifting)