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Anatomical Kinesiology > Movement Analysis > Flashcards

Movement Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

divides a movement into a list of body actions

A

movement analysis

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2
Q

involves breaking down a particular movement into specific motions, which are then broken into ranked body actions

A

movement analysis

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3
Q

what do levers allow to be modified?

A

force, speed, or direction of movement produced by muscle contraction

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4
Q

when a muscle is attached to the skeleton, the _____ and _________ will determine the force, speed, and range of movement produced.

A

nature, site of connection

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5
Q

a rigid structure that moves on a fixed point, called the fulcrum

A

lever

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6
Q

a lever is a rigid structure that moves on a fixed point called the _____

A

fulcrum

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7
Q

in the body, each ____ is a lever and each ____ is a fulcrum

A

bone, joint

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8
Q

levers are important because they can change what 3 things?

A
  1. direction of applied force
  2. distance and speed of movement produced
  3. effective strength of applied force
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9
Q

most levers in the human body are which class?

A

third class

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10
Q

fulcrum (F) lies between the effort (E) and the resistance (R)

A

1st class lever

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11
Q

teeter-totter is the real world example of what?

A

1st class lever

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12
Q

example of 1st class lever in the body

A

head on the spine. atlantoccipital joint=F, weight of head=R, muscles pulling down on other side=E

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13
Q

R is located between E and F

A

2nd class lever

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14
Q

wheelbarrow is a real world example of what?

A

2nd class lever

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15
Q

example of 2nd class lever in the body

A

plantar flexion. toes and ball of foot=F, weight of body and bones of tibia and fibula=R, gastrocnemius and soleus through the achilles tendon=E

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16
Q

what is important about 2nd class levers?

A

able to move heavy loads because E arm is longer/greater than the R arm, but load is moved more slowly and doesn’t go as far

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17
Q

E is located between the R and F

A

3rd class lever

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18
Q

ladder is a real world example of what?

A

3rd class lever

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19
Q

example of 3rd class lever in the body

A

elbow flexion. elbow join=F, biceps at the radial tuberosity=E, forearm/hand=R

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20
Q

what is important about 3rd class levers?

A

allow speed and distance traveled (ROM) to increase because the E arm is less/shorter than the R arm

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21
Q

equation for mechanical advantage

A

effort/resistance

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22
Q

MA>1

A

2nd class lever, huge force, not fast or long

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23
Q

MA<1

A

3rd class lever, small force, but fast and large ROM

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24
Q

ROM at a joint

A

flexibility

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25
Q

ability to stretch and hold at end point in ROM

A

static flexibility

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26
Q

ability to move joint quickly and fluidly through ROM

A

dynamic flexibility

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27
Q

factors affecting flexibility

A

join structure, tightness of soft-tissue, genetics, age, sex

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28
Q

inexpensive devices used to determine a joints range of motion

A

manual goniometer and inclinometer

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29
Q

assume a position and hold it there with no resistance other than using the strength of your agonist muscles

A

active static stretching

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30
Q

hold the stretch with some part of you body or other apparatus. relaxed and make no contribution to range of motion, only external forces do

A

passive static stretching

31
Q

performed doing controlled movements to increase reach and speed of movement (ex. high knees)

A

dynamic stretching

32
Q

go beyond normal ROM by bouncing

A

ballistic stretching

33
Q

passively stretched by a partner, then contract isometrically against the resistance, then stretched again past previous ROM by partner

A

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF)

34
Q

PNF

A

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

35
Q

ability to control equilibrium

A

balance (static vs. dynamic)

36
Q

resistance to disruption of equilibrium, retain balance while experiencing factors that disturb balance.

A

stability

37
Q

opposing forces or moments are balanced, sum of all forces of moments is 0

A

equilibrium

38
Q

no movement; standing

A

static equilibrium

39
Q

moving, but there is no change in velocity and no change in direction of movement (punting football with 1 leg)

A

dynamic equilibrium

40
Q

factors affecting stability

A

mass, friction, base of support, horizontal location of COG, height of COG

41
Q

prime movers responsible for movement

A

agonist

42
Q

muscle that oppose the prime movers, neutralize actions

A

antagonists

43
Q

assist prime movers

A

synergists

44
Q

stabilize body through isometric/static contractions while agonists do their job

A

stabilizers

45
Q

to have joint movement occur, what must differ

A

muscle tension and resistance forces

46
Q

joint movement occurs

A

dynamic. concentric vs. eccentric

47
Q

no change in joint angle

A

static

48
Q

same speed throughout

A

isokinetic

49
Q

going against gravity or against resistance, muscle shortens

A

concentric

50
Q

muscle tension torque > resistance torque

A

concentric

51
Q

going with gravity or going with resistance, muscle lengthens

A

eccentric

52
Q

muscle tension torque < resistance torque

A

eccentric

53
Q

muscle tension torque = resistance torque

A

static

54
Q

the strength occurring at a joint; a rotary force

A

torque

55
Q

torque equation

A

T=Fr (force*moment arm)

56
Q

how can a moment arm be manipulated

A

joint angle and insertion site

57
Q

the perpendicular distance from axis of rotation (joint) to where the muscle force is being applied (muscle insertion)

A

moment arm of muscle force

58
Q

what happens when you increase the moment arm, but the force stays the same?

A

increase in torque (strength)

59
Q

a result of net torque

A

movement

60
Q

what is happening when you weight lift and have a “sticking point” somewhere is the range of motion? how do you get past it?

A

your muscle force equals the resistance force in that position. get past it by manipulating the moment arm

61
Q

what muscles are effected by a force-length relationship

A

biarticular muscles

62
Q

biarticular muscles do this in order to continue its exertion of force.

A

maintenance of a relatively constant length

63
Q

how do biarticular muscles maintain a relatively constant length, whether they are causing motion at one or both joints?

A

concentric shortening at joint 1 is offset by joint 2 moving its attachment of muscle farther away

64
Q

how does stretching a muscle too much or shortening too much affect force production?

A

decreases it

65
Q

what happens when a muscle is shortened 50-60% of resting length?

A

ability to develop contractile tension is essentially reduced to 0

66
Q

what happens when a muscle is stretched beyond 100-130% of resting length

A

significantly decreases amount of force muscle can exert

67
Q

how does lengthening the muscles just right or shortening them at the perfect length affect force production?

A

increases it

68
Q

example of lengthening muscles to increase force production

A

vertical jump. squat beforehand lengthens hip and knee muscle extensors and plantar flexors, used during the jump

69
Q

internal loads are largely dictated by what?

A

external loads

70
Q

how does an increase in gravitational moment arm affect load placed on the body?

A

it increases the load

71
Q

what muscles are concentrically contracting during an abdominal crunch?

A

external and internal obliques, rectus abdominis, longus colli group, scalenes group

72
Q

what are the agonist muscles for a push-up?

A

elbow extension= triceps; shoulder flexion= pec major, biceps; scapular protraction= pec minor, serratus anterior

73
Q

agonist muscles for coming up form a squat

A

hip extension= gluteus muscles and hamstrings; knee extension= quadriceps; plantar flexion= gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior

74
Q

agonist muscles for lateral arm raises

A

shoulder abduction= deltoid; scapular upward rotation= serratus anterior and trapezius

Anatomical Kinesiology (14 decks)

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