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Anatomical Kinesiology > 2: Vertebral Column & Thorax > Flashcards

2: Vertebral Column & Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae total in vertebral column?

A

33

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2
Q

number cervical vertebrae? thoracic? lumbar? sacrum? coccyx?

A

7, 12, 5, 5, 4

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3
Q

curves in the cervical and lumbar spines

A

anterior convex curves

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4
Q

curves in the thoracic and sacral-coccygeal spines

A

posterior concave curves

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5
Q

the curves of the spine may increase/decrease as the body’s _____ shifts

A

center of gravity

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6
Q

excessive lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

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7
Q

excessive curvature of thoracic spine “hunchback”

A

kyphosis

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8
Q

excessive curvature of lumbar spine “swayback”

A

lordosis

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9
Q

atlas

A

C1, missing a body

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10
Q

axis

A

C2, odontoid process (dens)

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11
Q

why are C1 and C2 shaped differently than the other 5 cervical vertebrae?

A

to permit the head to rotate

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12
Q

the atlantoaxial joint is what type of joint?

A

pivot amphiarthrosis

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13
Q

connects the body of the vertebrae to the transverse process

A

pedicle

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14
Q

connects the transverse process of the vertebrae to the spinous process

A

lamina

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15
Q

where the spinal cord goes

A

vertebral foramen

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16
Q

hole between 2 vertebrae that allows nerves to leave the spine and go to other parts of the body

A

intervertebral foramen

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17
Q

facet that projects upward on vertebrae

A

superior articulating facet

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18
Q

facet that projects downwards on vertebrae

A

inferior articulating facet

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19
Q

what type of joints are the vertebral facets?

A

gliding amphiarthrosis

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20
Q

Where the atlas the the head come in contact

A

atlantoccipital joint

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21
Q

what type of joint is the atlantoccipital joint?

A

condyloid amphiarthrosis

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22
Q

how many foramina to the cervical vertebrae have? name them

A

3, 1 vertebral foramen, 2 transverse foramina

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23
Q

why is there a groove on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae?

A

where the ribs articulate with the vertebral column

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24
Q

vertebral ligament that goes from the occipital protuberance to C7. helps sustain the weight of the head in animals and helps restore the head to its normal position

A

ligamentum nuchae

25
Q

also known as the interbody ligaments

A

the longitudinal ligaments

26
Q

sturcturally the weakest of all the spinal column ligaments and limits hyperextension of the head/neck. is located in front of the body of the vertebrae

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

27
Q

if you get bad whiplash from a car accident, what have you probably injured?

A

severely stretched or tore your anterior longitudinal ligament during the hyperextension of the neck as your head whipped back

28
Q

helps form the anterior wall of the spinal canal and limits flexion of the head and neck

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

29
Q

what movement is allowed in the vertebral column

A

flateral flexion, flexion, extension, hyperextension, rotation

30
Q

soft tissue structure in between vertebral body. helps absorb shock, separates vertebrae to allow nerve roots to pass from spinal canal to other parts of body

A

intervertebral disc

31
Q

tough, dense, fibrous outside layer of intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosus

32
Q

jelly-like inside layer of intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposis

33
Q

when the inner nucleus pulposus bulges out through the annulus fibrosus

A

herniated disc

34
Q

herniated disc at L4-L5 that causes acute lower back pain that radiates down the posterolateral aspect of the thigh. what is likely being compressed?

A

sciatic nerve

35
Q

how big is the spinal cord?

A

diameter of a human finger

36
Q

surrounds spinal cord and acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae

A

CSF

37
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

38
Q

nerves outside brain and spinal cord that extend throughout the body

A

PNS

39
Q

nerves that innervate the head and cervical spine come from where?

A

cervical plexus

40
Q

most important nerve for respiration (innervates the diaphragm) and what plexus it is a part of

A

phrenic nerve, cervical plexus

41
Q

innervates the upper extremities

A

brachial plexus

42
Q

innervates lower extremities

A

lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexus

43
Q

cord can’t relay messages below level of injury. paralyzed below level of injury

A

complete spinal cord injury

44
Q

have some movement and sensation below injury of spinal cord

A

incomplete spinal cord injury

45
Q

top part of manubrium

A

suprasternal notch, jugular notch

46
Q

reference point for locating the 2nd rib and for listening to heart valve sounds with a stethoscope

A

sternal angle

47
Q

reference point for CPR compressions

A

xiphoid process

48
Q

connects sternum to ribs

A

costal cartilage

49
Q

where rib and cartilage come together

A

costochondral joint

50
Q

where ribs/cartilage meet the sternum

A

costosternal joint

51
Q

ribs that have a direct connection to sternum

A

true ribs (1-7)

52
Q

ribs that have an indirect connection to the sternum

A

false ribs (8-10)

53
Q

ribs that don’t attach to the sternum at all

A

floating ribs (11-12)

54
Q

ribs articulate ____ with the thoracic vertebrae and ____ with the sternum

A

posteriorly with thoracic, anteriorly with sternum

55
Q

where blood vessels and intercostal nerves run

A

inner surface of shaft

56
Q

part of rib that articulates with the thoracic vertebrae

A

head

57
Q

treatment of fractured rib

A

usually heal on their own in 1-2 months

58
Q

why is adequate pain control important with a broken rib?

A

so you can breathe deeply and avoid lung complications (pneumonia, pneumothorax)

59
Q

what should you be worried about with fracture of the last 2 ribs?

A

damage to kidneys, liver, and spleen

Anatomical Kinesiology (14 decks)

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