2: Vertebral Column & Thorax

Question 1

how many vertebrae total in vertebral column?

Answer 1

33

Question 2

number cervical vertebrae? thoracic? lumbar? sacrum? coccyx?

Answer 2

7, 12, 5, 5, 4

Question 3

curves in the cervical and lumbar spines

Answer 3

anterior convex curves

Question 4

curves in the thoracic and sacral-coccygeal spines

Answer 4

posterior concave curves

Question 5

the curves of the spine may increase/decrease as the body’s _____ shifts

Answer 5

center of gravity

Question 6

excessive lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 6

scoliosis

Question 7

excessive curvature of thoracic spine “hunchback”

Answer 7

kyphosis

Question 8

excessive curvature of lumbar spine “swayback”

Answer 8

lordosis

Question 9

atlas

Answer 9

C1, missing a body

Question 10

axis

Answer 10

C2, odontoid process (dens)

Question 11

why are C1 and C2 shaped differently than the other 5 cervical vertebrae?

Answer 11

to permit the head to rotate

Question 12

the atlantoaxial joint is what type of joint?

Answer 12

pivot amphiarthrosis

Question 13

connects the body of the vertebrae to the transverse process

Answer 13

pedicle

Question 14

connects the transverse process of the vertebrae to the spinous process

Answer 14

lamina

Question 15

where the spinal cord goes

Answer 15

vertebral foramen

Question 16

hole between 2 vertebrae that allows nerves to leave the spine and go to other parts of the body

Answer 16

intervertebral foramen

Question 17

facet that projects upward on vertebrae

Answer 17

superior articulating facet

Question 18

facet that projects downwards on vertebrae

Answer 18

inferior articulating facet

Question 19

what type of joints are the vertebral facets?

Answer 19

gliding amphiarthrosis

Question 20

Where the atlas the the head come in contact

Answer 20

atlantoccipital joint

Question 21

what type of joint is the atlantoccipital joint?

Answer 21

condyloid amphiarthrosis

Question 22

how many foramina to the cervical vertebrae have? name them

Answer 22

3, 1 vertebral foramen, 2 transverse foramina

Question 23

why is there a groove on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 23

where the ribs articulate with the vertebral column

Question 24

vertebral ligament that goes from the occipital protuberance to C7. helps sustain the weight of the head in animals and helps restore the head to its normal position

Answer 24

ligamentum nuchae

Question 25

also known as the interbody ligaments

Answer 25

the longitudinal ligaments

Question 26

sturcturally the weakest of all the spinal column ligaments and limits hyperextension of the head/neck. is located in front of the body of the vertebrae

Answer 26

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 27

if you get bad whiplash from a car accident, what have you probably injured?

Answer 27

severely stretched or tore your anterior longitudinal ligament during the hyperextension of the neck as your head whipped back

Question 28

helps form the anterior wall of the spinal canal and limits flexion of the head and neck

Answer 28

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 29

what movement is allowed in the vertebral column

Answer 29

flateral flexion, flexion, extension, hyperextension, rotation

Question 30

soft tissue structure in between vertebral body. helps absorb shock, separates vertebrae to allow nerve roots to pass from spinal canal to other parts of body

Answer 30

intervertebral disc

Question 31

tough, dense, fibrous outside layer of intervertebral disc

Answer 31

annulus fibrosus

Question 32

jelly-like inside layer of intervertebral disc

Answer 32

nucleus pulposis

Question 33

when the inner nucleus pulposus bulges out through the annulus fibrosus

Answer 33

herniated disc

Question 34

herniated disc at L4-L5 that causes acute lower back pain that radiates down the posterolateral aspect of the thigh. what is likely being compressed?

Answer 34

sciatic nerve

Question 35

how big is the spinal cord?

Answer 35

diameter of a human finger

Question 36

surrounds spinal cord and acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae

Answer 36

CSF

Question 37

brain and spinal cord

Answer 37

CNS

Question 38

nerves outside brain and spinal cord that extend throughout the body

Answer 38

PNS

Question 39

nerves that innervate the head and cervical spine come from where?

Answer 39

cervical plexus

Question 40

most important nerve for respiration (innervates the diaphragm) and what plexus it is a part of

Answer 40

phrenic nerve, cervical plexus

Question 41

innervates the upper extremities

Answer 41

brachial plexus

Question 42

innervates lower extremities

Answer 42

lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexus

Question 43

cord can't relay messages below level of injury. paralyzed below level of injury

Answer 43

complete spinal cord injury

Question 44

have some movement and sensation below injury of spinal cord

Answer 44

incomplete spinal cord injury

Question 45

top part of manubrium

Answer 45

suprasternal notch, jugular notch

Question 46

reference point for locating the 2nd rib and for listening to heart valve sounds with a stethoscope

Answer 46

sternal angle

Question 47

reference point for CPR compressions

Answer 47

xiphoid process

Question 48

connects sternum to ribs

Answer 48

costal cartilage

Question 49

where rib and cartilage come together

Answer 49

costochondral joint

Question 50

where ribs/cartilage meet the sternum

Answer 50

costosternal joint

Question 51

ribs that have a direct connection to sternum

Answer 51

true ribs (1-7)

Question 52

ribs that have an indirect connection to the sternum

Answer 52

false ribs (8-10)

Question 53

ribs that don't attach to the sternum at all

Answer 53

floating ribs (11-12)

Question 54

ribs articulate ____ with the thoracic vertebrae and ____ with the sternum

Answer 54

posteriorly with thoracic, anteriorly with sternum

Question 55

where blood vessels and intercostal nerves run

Answer 55

inner surface of shaft

Question 56

part of rib that articulates with the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 56

head

Question 57

treatment of fractured rib

Answer 57

usually heal on their own in 1-2 months

Question 58

why is adequate pain control important with a broken rib?

Answer 58

so you can breathe deeply and avoid lung complications (pneumonia, pneumothorax)

Question 59

what should you be worried about with fracture of the last 2 ribs?

Answer 59

damage to kidneys, liver, and spleen