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Anatomical Kinesiology > 6: Types of Muscles, Neck Muscles > Flashcards

6: Types of Muscles, Neck Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

has the greatest impact on performance enhancement, need injury prevention

A

skeletal muscle

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2
Q

connect bone to bone

A

ligaments

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3
Q

connect muscle to bone

A

tendons

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4
Q

perform locomotion

A

muscles

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5
Q

early gross anatomist muscle classification

A

skeletal, visceral, cardiac

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6
Q

histology muscle classification

A

skeletal=striated, visceral=smooth, cardiac=branch-striated muscles

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7
Q

nerve control muscle classification

A

skeletal=voluntary, visceral=involuntary, cardiac=involuntary

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8
Q

looks segmented with light and dark segments

A

striated muscle

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9
Q

has no striations and is smooth

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

criss-crossed in a network pattern with striations that are irregular

A

branch-striated muscle

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11
Q

important in activating the muscle

A

nerve control

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12
Q

what muscles could be involuntary and voluntary

A

respiratory

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13
Q

skeletal muscle fibers that run longitudinally

A

fusiform

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14
Q

skeletal muscle fibers that have 4 distinct sides of the muscle belly

A

quadrate

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15
Q

skeletal muscle fiber that are shaped as a triangle

A

triangular

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16
Q

skeletal muscle that has a central tendon with fibers coming off at an angle

A

pennate (1 side=unipennate, both sides=bipennate)

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17
Q

What allows pennate to be more powerful than parallel arranged fibers?

A

the way its organized allows for many more fibers

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18
Q

muscle fibers that amplify force

A

pennate

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19
Q

muscle fibers that amplifies speed of contraction and range of motion

A

fusiform

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20
Q

7 ways muscles are named (SALADSN)

A

shape, action, location, attachments, direction of fibers, size, and number of divisions within the muscle

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21
Q

muscle behavioral properties (CEEET)

A

contractility, extensibility, elasticity, excitability, tonicity

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22
Q

tondons’ properties

A

extensibility and elasticity

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23
Q

ability to shorten or contract

A

contractibility

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24
Q

ability to stretch

A

extensibility

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25
Q

ability to return to resting length

A

elasticity

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26
Q

firmness or hardness

A

tonicity

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27
Q

responds to stimuli

A

excitability

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28
Q

types of muscle contractions: anatomy classification

A

isotonic and isometric

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29
Q

types of muscle contractions: kinesiological classification

A

concentric, static, and eccentric

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30
Q

muscle shortens and causes movement

A

isotonic (concentric)

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31
Q

prevented from shortening

A

isometric (static)

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32
Q

muscle shortens

A

concentric (isotonic)

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33
Q

no change in joint angle

A

static (isometric)

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34
Q

muscle lengthens

A

eccentric

35
Q

proximal, less mobile portion of muscle

A

origin

36
Q

distal, more mobile portion of muscle

A

insertion

37
Q

muscle can only _____; they can not _____!

A

pull, not push

38
Q

outer connective tissue covering of skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

39
Q

surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers

A

perimysium

40
Q

encases skeletal muscle fibers individually

A

endomysium

41
Q

functional unit of skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

42
Q

made up of actin and myosin

A

sarcomere

43
Q

tin protein in the sarcomere

A

actin

44
Q

tick protein in the sarcomere

A

myosin

45
Q

1 sarcomere goes from __________

A

z line to z line

46
Q

area where both proteins (actin and myosin) overlap each other

A

A band

47
Q

areas where only the actin protein is

A

I bands

48
Q

middle of the A band visible only when the muscle is relaxed

A

H zone

49
Q

why does the H zone disappear when the muscle contracts?

A

because the actin and myosin slide on top of each other

50
Q

has crossbridges to attach to the actin during muscle action to help with contraction process

A

myosin

51
Q

what powers the contraction process

A

ATP

52
Q

deals with the contraction process

A

Sliding Filament Theory

53
Q

more than one sarcomere

A

myofibril

54
Q

During contraction the _____ will become shorter as the ____ come closer together — just the ____ shortens, not the proteins.

A

sarcomere, z lines, sarcomere

55
Q

slow twitch fibers which are used more for endurance since they have a high resistance to fatigue

A

slow oxidative (SO)

56
Q

What type of skeletal muscle fibers would a marathon runner use the most

A

slow oxidative

57
Q

fast twitch fibers “a” that are used for short, high intensity events

A

fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG)

58
Q

What type of skeletal muscle fibers would you use the most in a 400 meter event?

A

fast oxidative glycolytic

59
Q

fast twitch fibers “b” that are used for all-out effort, highly explosive events

A

fast glycolytic (FG)

60
Q

What type of skeletal muscle fibers would you use the most in a 50 yd dash, or a hammerthrow?

A

fast glycolytic

61
Q

increase in the muscle cell size

A

hypertrophy

62
Q

You can’t increase the ____ of the muscle cells you have because it is genetic

A

amount

63
Q

how many capillaries supply each skeletal muscle fiber in a sedentary person? in a trained athlete?

A

3-4, 5-7

64
Q

muscles require _____ more blood while exercising than while resting

A

100x

65
Q

helps with pumping action to increase blood flow to the heart

A

contracting and relaxing of skeletal muscles

66
Q

connects and innervates many muscle fibers

A

motor nerve

67
Q

one motor nerve + muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

68
Q

all or none principal

A

all fibers in a motor unit contract or they don’t

69
Q

prime movers responsible for movement

A

agonists

70
Q

muscles that oppose the prime movers

A

antagonists

71
Q

muscles that assist the prime movers

A

synergists

72
Q

muscles that stabilize the body

A

stabilizers

73
Q

muscles on the anterior side of the vertebral column do what action?

A

head/neck flexion

74
Q

muscles on the posterior side of the vertebral column do what action?

A

extension

75
Q

sternocleidomastoid OIA

A

O: manubrium of sternum and clavicle;
I: mastoid process of temporal bone;
A: flexion (both contract), lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side

76
Q

scalenes group AR

A

synergist muscle for respiration, A: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, elevates first rib; Region: first rib

77
Q

longus capitus AR

A

A: head flexion; R: occipital

78
Q

Rectus Capitus Anterior

A

A: head flexion; R: occipital

79
Q

anterior muscles of the neck (4)

A

sternocleidomastoids, scalenes group, longus capitus, and rectus capitus anterior

80
Q

posterior muscles of the neck (4)

A

rectus capitus posterior, splenius sapitus, and splenius cervicis

81
Q

rectus capitus posterior AR

A

A: extension (hyper) and rotation; R: occipital

82
Q

splenius capitus AR

A

A: extension (hyper) (both), lateral flexion, rotation (one); R: mastoid process

83
Q

splenius cervicis AR

A

A: extension (hyper) (both), lateral flexion, rotation (one); R: cervical region

84
Q

which posterior neck muscles have all the same actions?

A

splenius capitus and splenius cervicis

Anatomical Kinesiology (14 decks)

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