1B: Types of Bones, Joints & Body Actions Flashcards
1
Q
4 types of bones
A
long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones
2
Q
how many bones in the body?
A
206
3
Q
list functions of bones (5)
A
support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation
4
Q
generally have tubular shafts and articular surfaces at each end
A
long bones
5
Q
provide the framework for the body and make movement possible
A
long bones
6
Q
have a diaphysis and 2 epiphyses
A
long bones
7
Q
early in life, the epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis by what cartilaginous structure in long bones?
A
epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
8
Q
tissue layer around entire bone where bone cells are produced and what muscles attach to
A
periosteum
9
Q
femur, humerus, tibia
A
examples of long bones
10
Q
no diaphysis, fairly symmetrical
A
short bones
11
Q
carpal and tarsal bones
A
examples of short bones
12
Q
flat, thin, with broad flat surfaces
A
flat bones
13
Q
protect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. function=protection
A
flat bones
14
Q
head bones, thorax, scapula
A
examples of flat bones
15
Q
any bone that is not long, short or flat bone
A
irregular bones
16
Q
vertebral column, patella, sesamoid bones
A
irregular bones
17
Q
free-floating oval bones that are usually found within tendons of muscles
A
sesamoid bones
18
Q
hold tendon further away from joint, so angle of tendon increases, as well as leverage and power of the muscle
A
sesamoid bones
19
Q
at the end of long bones, bony knobs
A
condyles
20
Q
a ridge
A
crest
21
Q
just above the condyles, smaller bony knobs
A
epicondyle
22
Q
a hole
A
foramen
23
Q
a smooth, hollow surface on the bone
A
fossa
24
Q
smaller, flatter smooth surface like the vertebrae that articulate superiorly and inferiorly
A
facet
25
area of bone that looks cut out and allows structure like blood vessels and nerves to pass through
notch
26
rounded part at the end of a long bone
head
27
just below the head where it narrows
nech
28
long, thin projection of bone
spine/processes
29
pointy at the end of the bone
styloid process
30
smaller bump on the bone
tubercle
31
medium bump on the bone
tuberosities
32
biggest bump on the bone
trochanters
33
number of bones that form the cranium
8
34
number of facial bones
14
35
number of skull bones
22
36
most posterior skull bone, contains the foramen magnum, occipital protuberance, super and inferior nuchal lines
occipital bone
37
protruding bump on the back of your head before the foramen magnum
occipital protuberance
38
most anterior cranial bone
frontal bone
39
cranial bone that contains external auditory meatus, mastoid process, and zygomatic arch
temporal bones
40
hole located between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process that allows sound to enter the inner ear
external auditory meatus
41
protuberance angled down behind your ear on the temporal bone
mastoid process
42
connects the temporal bone and the zygomatic bone
zygomatic arch
43
name the four cranial sutures
coronal, lambdoidal, sagittal, squamous
44
where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone
coronal suture
45
where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone
lambdoidal suture
46
where the 2 parietal bones come together
sagittal suture
47
where the parietal bones meet the temporal bone
squamous suture
48
what are concussions considered?
a serious brain injury
49
must there be loss of consciousness for a concussion to occur?
no
50
what sport do concussions occur in?
any sport
51
recognition and proper management of concussions when they ____ can help prevent further injury or even death
first occur
52
how many sports- and recreation-related concussions occur each year in the US?
3.8 million
53
what are the two sign to help recognize a concussion?
1. forceful blow to head or body that results in rapid movement of the head AND 2. any change in behavior, thinking, or physical functioning
54
serious condition from repeat concussions that results in brain swelling, permanent brain damage, and even death
second impact syndrome
55
What 4 step should a coach take when a concussion is suspected?
1. remove from play. 2. evaluated by HCP. 3. inform parents. 4. return to play with HCP permission
56
fracture where bone does not break through skin
closed (simple) fracture
57
fracture where bone breaks through skin
open (compound) fracture
58
broken fragments of bone driven inward to form a cavity (i.e. blunt force trauma to the head)
depression fracture
59
bone tissue collapses or is crushed due to excess trauma or weight
compression fracture
60
1 side of bone breaks, other side bends (incomplete break)
greenstick fracture
61
broken horizontally across its width
transverse fracture
62
series of incomplete breaks parallel to long axis of bone (incomplete fracture)
stress fracture
63
portion of bone is broken away as a result to direct trauma or excessive muscle contraction against resistance
avulsion fracture
64
break line spirals around bone due to excessive twisting
spiral fracture
65
study of joints or articulations
arthrology
66
the connection or junction between 2 or more bones or between cartilage and bone
joint
67
connect bone to bone
ligaments
68
3 types of joints (structural classification)
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
69
band of strong fibrous connective tissue that ties the ends of bones together to facilitate or limit movement between bones
ligaments
70
3 types of joint (functional classification)
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis
71
immovable joints that have no separation or joint cavity
synarthrosis
72
sutures of the skull are what type of joint
synarthrosis
73
slightly moveable joints
amphiarthrosis
74
2 types of amphiarthrosis joints
symphysis and syndesmosis
75
slightly moveable cartilaginous amphiarthrosis joint
symphysis
76
example of symphysis joint
symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs
77
slightly moveable fibrous amphiarthrosis joint
syndesmosis
78
example of syndesmosis
tibia and fibula
79
freely moveable, true joint
diarthrosis
80
3 essential characteristics of diarthrosis joints
1. end of bones are smooth and have cartilage or disk/meniscus. 2. articular capsule with synovial fluid and membrane. 3. ligaments to stabilize the joint.
81
6 types of diarthrosis joints
gliding, hinge, pivot, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid
82
contains the fibrous membrane and the synovial membrane
the articular capsule
83
lines the joint and secretes fluid for lubrication and provides nutrients to joint structures
synovial membrane
84
4 categories of diarthrosis by the type of movement they permit
nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial
85
bones that lie next to each other an slide together. consist of irregularly shaped surfaces that are typically either flat or slightly rounded. nonaxial joint, because they dont move around an actual axis.
gliding joints
86
sternoclavicular joing, intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and the superior and inferior facets of vertebrae
gliding joints
87
uniaxial joint that acts like a hing on a door. capable of flexion and extension
hinge joints
88
tibofemoral joint, humeroulnar joint
hinge joints
89
what plane of motion do hinge joints move in?
sagittal plane (mediolateral axis)
90
one bone rotating in a ring of another. uniaxial joint
pivot joints
91
atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint
pivot joints
92
what plane of movement do pivot joints move in?
transverse plane (longitudinal axis)
93
triaxial joint
ball and socket joints
94
hip and shoulder
ball and socket joints
95
what plane of movement do ball and socket joints move in?
sagittal, transverse, and frontal (all of them)
96
opposing bones that come together are convex and concave. rare biaxial joints. cannot rotate. flex/ext and abd/add possible
saddle joints
97
carpometacarpal joint
only true saddle joint in the body
98
bixial joint where condyle of one vone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone
condyloid joints
99
temporomadibular joint and metacarpophalangeal joints
condyloid joints
100
what 2 planes of movement do condyloid and saddle joints move in?
sagittal and frontal
