Movement 1 Flashcards
4 Major neural movement centers
- Lower motor neurons (ex. spinal cord)
- Upper motor neurons (ex. motor cortex)
- Cerebellum
- Basal ganglia
Types of muscle receptors
- Golgi tendon organs: Sense tension
- Muscle spindle receptors
Types of muscle spindle receptors
- Primary sensory endings
- Secondary sensory endings
Primary sensory endings innervate the ____ region of the muscle spindle and senses ____
Central; Stretch
Secondary sensory endings innervate the thin ____ of the muscle spindle and senses ____ of stretch
Ends; speed
Lower motor neurons are located in the ____ and ____ ____; they send ____ to ____ and the rest of the ____
- Brainstem; spinal cord
- Axons; muscles; body
Relationship between motor neuron and muscle fibers
Motor neuron 脚踏无数muscle fiber的船
Muscles are activated when muscles receive input from ____ neurons in the ____ ____ and release ____ (the neurotransmitter)
Motor; spinal cord; Acetylcoline
Antagonistic pairs
Muscles arranged in opposite pairs with extensors and flexors
An individual muscle can only generate movement in…
One direction🎶
Local circuits
Generate motor movement in response to sensory info
(From PNS to spinal cord and back, without engaging the brain)
4 descending projections (tracts) from brain stem to spinal cord
- Tectospinal
- Rubrospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Verstibulospinal
Tectospinal tract controls…
Neck muscle & Head, eye movements
Rubrospinal tract controls…
Arm musculature
Reticulospinal tract controls…
- Temporal and special coordination & movement
- Cardiovacular & respiratory movement
Vestiulospinal tract controls…
- Balance/posture
- axial muscles
- antigravity
- and eye fixation during movement (自动鸡头)
Which of the areas are included in the upper motor neurons?
- Brainstem
- Cerebral Cortex
- Motor Cortices
- Primary Motor Cortex
Cerebral cortex has a ____ tract that projects to the ____ ____
Pyramidal; spinal cord
Three regions of the motor cortices (upper motor neurons)
- Primary motor cortex
- Supplementary motor area (planning movements)
- Predator cortex (planning & control limb movements)
Primary motor cortex controls…
Voluntary movement of contralateral side of body
- Topographic organization (overlapがあります)
- Betz cells
Betz cells
Also called “giant pyramidal cells”
- project to spinal cord
If neuron decreases firing rate when the arm move to the right and increases firing rate when the arm move to the left, then the arm is said to be…
Tuned to the left
