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Semester 4 (NME) > Mouth/ Pharynx/ Oesophagus Anatomy > Flashcards

Mouth/ Pharynx/ Oesophagus Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What % of care home residents have dysphagia?

A

50%

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2
Q

In the mouth, what is the vestibule?

A

Area between the teeth, lips and cheeks

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3
Q

What are the three types of mucosa found in the oral cavity?

A

Masticatory- Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Lining- Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Specialised- (In lingual papillae region, has free nerve endings for sensation)

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4
Q

Where is the masticatory type of oral mucosa found in the mouth?

A

Masticatory is keratinised stratified squamous

Dorsum (top) of tongue/ hard palate and gingiva (gums)

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5
Q

Where is the lining type of oral mucosa found in the mouth?

A

Lining in non-keratinised stratified squamous

Buccal (cheeks), labia (inside of lips)

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6
Q

Where is the special type of oral mucosa found in the mouth?

A

On lingual papillae

has free nerve endings for sensation

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?

A

Side/ ant- Alveolar processes (ridge of bone containing dental alveoli- (teeth sockets)
Post- Isthmus of the fauces

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8
Q

What is the isthmus of the fauces?

A

Fauces are two pillars formed by palatoglossus (ant arch) and palatopharyngeus (post arch)
The isthmus is the opening from the mouth to the oropharynx that they create

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9
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil found?

A

Between the palatoglossal (ant) and palatopharyngeus (post) arches

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10
Q

What does the hard palate consist of?

A

Palatine process of mouth and horizontal palate of palatine bone

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11
Q

What are the (5) muscles of the soft palate and their function?

A

Tensor veli palatini- Tenses palate for swallowing
Palatoglossus- Elevates post tongue/ initiates swallow
Palatopharyngeus- Pulls pharynx up (breath/swallow)
Levator veli palatini- Elevates palate (swallow)
Muscularis uvulae

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12
Q

What is deciduous dention?

A

Children’s teeth (milk teeth)
- Children have 20 (missing back 3 molars)
In children premolars are known as molars
Teeth usually start transition to permanent at age 6, often finished by age 12

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13
Q

What teeth make up each quadrant?

A

Central incisor/ lateral incisor
Canine
1st and 2nd premolars
1/2/3 molars (with the 3rd being your ‘wisdom tooth’

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14
Q

How many teeth do adults have?

A

32

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15
Q

What passes through the incisive foramen?

A

Nasopalatine nerves

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16
Q

What are palatine rugae?

A

Ridges which help food move backwards

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17
Q

What is your lingual frenulum?

A

Small mucus membrane fold from the floor of the mouth to the underside of the midline of the tongue

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18
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open?

A

Into the sublingual papillae on the underside of the tongue

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19
Q

What are the sublingual folds?

A

Where the sublingual duct opens, next to the sublingual papillae

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20
Q

What the name of the ring of MALT tissue found in the naso and oropharynx?

A

Waldeyers tonsillar ring

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21
Q

What tonsils do you have?

A

1(or2) pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)- Nasopharynx
2 tubal tonsils- By eustachian tube into nasopharynx
2 palatine tonsils (‘the tonsils’) - Oropharynx
1/ many lingual tonsils - On posterior tongue

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22
Q

Which nerve does taste sensation on the ant 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Corda tympani (CN VII)

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23
Q

Which nerve does sensation on the ant 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve (CN V)

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24
Q

Which nerve does taste and sensation for the post 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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25
Q

What structure divides the two sides of the tongue?

A

Lingual septum

26
Q

What structure splits ant/ post 1/3’s of the tongue?

A

Lingual sulcus

27
Q

What is the function of the vallecula?

A

Two depressions at the base of the tongue which hold saliva and prevent the swallow reflex
(Important intubation landmark)

28
Q

Where are the sublingual coruncles and what are they?

A

Under tongue, small papillae either side of frenulum

Sublingual and submandibular duct empty into them

29
Q

Where does the parotid gland open into? What nerve controls it?

A

Controlled by CN IX (PNS)
Goes through buccinator and emerges from:
STENSON duct by 2nd molar

30
Q

Which mouth gland contributes most to total salvia volume?

A

Submandibular 70%

31
Q

Where do most stones which cause blockages in the ducts which open in the mouth from?

A

80% in submandibular gland

32
Q

Which nerve controls the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

33
Q

Which nerve does sensation from the teeth/ cheeks/ palate/ fauces and floor of mouth?

A

Trigeminal

34
Q

The trigeminal nerve does sensation of which area’s?

A

Entire face/ oral cavity/ eye etc

35
Q

What is the OIA of the masseter muscle?

A

O: Zygomatic arch
I: Lat mandible ramus
A: Elevates mandible

36
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal

37
Q

What is the OIA of the temporalis muscle?

A

O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process/ ramus of mandible
A: Elevates and retracts mandible

38
Q

What is the OIA of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

O: Roof infratemporal fosssa (UH) + lateral pterygoid process (LH)
I: Capsule of TMJ
A- Protrusion and side to side movement

39
Q

What is the OIA of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

O- Pterygoid process (DeepH) + Tuberosity maxilla (SuperficialH)
I- Medial mandible (near angle)
A- Elevate and side to side movement

40
Q

Which muscles depress the mandible?

A

Diagastric/ geniohyoid/ myelohyoid

41
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial (covered by fibrocartlidge articular disc)

42
Q

What is translation?

A

The down/ out protrusion of mandible

Superior compartment rotates to allow maximal opening

43
Q

What is the major ligament which covers the TMJ?

A

Temporomandibular lig
Zygomatic process - lateral neck of mandible
Stops excessive retraction

44
Q

Describe the pharynx

A

A fibromuscular tube which goes from the base of the skull to the oesophagus

45
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

46
Q

What type of epithelium oropharynx?

A

Non-keratining stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

What type of epithelium laryngopharynx?

A

Non-keratining stratified squamous epithelium

48
Q

What is the border between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?

A

Upper soft palate/ uvula

49
Q

What is the border between the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx?

A

Hyoid bone/ epiglottis

50
Q

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus start?

A

C6

51
Q

Where does the oesophagus enter the diaphragm?

A

Oesophageal hiatus (T10)

52
Q

Which nerves supply sensation to the naso/oro and laryngopharynx?

A

Naso- CN V (Maxillary branch- V2)
Oro- CN IX
Laryngo- CN X

53
Q

Innervation the pharynx comes from what nerve structure?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

54
Q

All of the pharynx motor component is supplied by the X nerve except for the Y muscle?

A 
X= Vagus
Y= Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)
55
Q

What is the arterial/ venous supply to the pharynx?

A

Art- Branches of ECA (Ascending pharyngeal/ lingual/ maxillary0
Vein- Pharyngeal venous plexus (into IJV)

56
Q

What is the art/venous supply to the thoracic portion of the oesophagus?

A

Art- Branches of aorta

Vein- Branches of azygous veins

57
Q

What is the art/venous supply to the abdominal portion of the oesophagus?

A

Art- L gastric artery

Vein- To portal circulation via L gastric vein

58
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the oesophagus?

A

CN X

59
Q

What type muscle makes up each 1/3 of the oesophagus?

A

Cervical (upper 1/3)- Striated
Middle 1/3- Striated and smooth
Lower 1/3- Smooth

60
Q

Which plexus supplies innervation to the oesophagus?

A

Myenteric

Semester 4 (NME) (24 decks)

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