Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 4 (NME) > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve supplies SNS innervation to the foregut?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves (T5 to T9)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What nerves supplies PNS innervation to the foregut?

A

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What nerve supplies SNS innervation to the midgut?

A

Lesser splanchnic (T9 to T11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nerve supplies PNS innervation to the midgut?

A

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nerve supplies SNS innervation to the hindgut?

A

Lumbar splanchnic (T12-L2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What nerve supplies PNS innervation to the hindgut?

A

Pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What hiatus’ are found in the diaphragm?

A

T8- Inferior Vena Cava
T10- Oesophagus and vagus nerve
T12- Abdominal aorta and azygous/ hemiazygous vein, thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 3 distinguishing characteristics of a lumbar vertebrae?

A

Fat bodies
Big quadrangular spinous process (point straight)
Triangle foreamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the right and left crura of the diaphragm?

Crus

A

From inf diagram to vertebral bodies

Meet in the midline to form the median arcurate ligament which surrounds the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the triangle of smooth muscle in the bladder, what are its corners?

A

Trigone

Urethra and L/R ureters entering at an oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the pelvic the ureters are crossed by what? (In M and F)

A

M: Ductus deferens
F: Uterine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What key ligament anchors the bladder, where does it attach?

A

Median umbilical ligament

From apex of bladder to umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The base (fundus) of the bladder is what shape and points in what direction?

A

Inverted triangle

Base points posterioinferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tissue surrounds the bladder?

A

Endopelvic fascia (loose fatty areolar tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most inferior part of the bladder and how is it secured?

A

Neck (most fixed part of bladder)- When bladder fills it enlarges upwards
In M: Puboprostatic ligament
In F: Pubovesical ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most inferior part of the bladder and how is it secured?

A

Neck (most fixed part of bladder)- When bladder fills it enlarges upwards
In M: Puboprostatic ligament (Paired fibromuscular band)
In F: Pubovesical ligament (Paired fibromuscular band)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the muscle in the bladder and what type of muscle is it? What feature allows it to stretch?

A 
Detrusor muscle 
Smooth muscle (PNS makes it contract, SNS= relax)
Contains rugae so it can distend without rise in internal pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of epithelium lines the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

Changes between columnar and squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What artery/ veins supplies the bladder?

A

Sup vesicle art/vein and inf vesicle art/vein (M)/Vaginal art/vein (F)
From internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What supplies PNS to the bladder?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What supplies SNS to the bladder?

A

Hypogastric nerve (T12-L2) = Relaxation (urinary retention)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What supplies somatic innervation to the bladder?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 5 layers of the bladder wall?

A 
Mucosa
Submucosa
Inner longitudinal muscle layer
Circular muscle layer
Outer longitudinal muscle layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What forms the IUS in females?

A

The 3 layers of the detrusor muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What two glands surround the external urethral orifice in females?
Skene's muscus glands
26
What does the urethra pass through in the pelvic floor?
Urogential diaphragm
27
What makes the trigone different to the rest of the bladder?
No rugae
28
At what level does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?
Where the common iliac bifurcates | L5/S1
29
What vessel does blood supply to the foregut?
Coeliac trunk
30
What vessel does blood supply to the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
31
What vessel does blood supply to the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
32
What vessel does blood supply to the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
33
The greater splanchinc nerve comes from which levels and leads to which ganglion? What does it supply?
T5-T9 Coeliac ganglion Stomach/ liver/ pancreas/ suprarenal glands/ bile duct
34
The lesser splanchnic nerve comes from which levels, leads to which ganglion and supplies what?
T10-T11 Aortico-renal ganlion (Does kindeys and ureters)
35
The least splanchnic nerve comes from which levels, leads to which ganglion and supplies what?
T12 Superior mesenteric ganglion (joined by lesser splanchnic also) ALL MIDGUT
36
The lumbar splanchnic nerve comes from which levels, leads to which ganglion and supplies what?
L1-L3 Inferior mesenteric ganglion Colon
37
The hypogastric nerve comes from which levels, leads to which ganglion and supplies what?
L4-L5 Hypogastric ganglion Rectum, bladder, prostate
38
The sacral nerves come from which nerve roots? What purpose do they serve?
S1-S4 | Also supply rectum, bladder and prostate
39
How do hypogastric and sacral nerves join?
Sacral plexus meets nerves from the POST GANGLIONIC hypogastric nerves (Supplies bladder, prostate and rectum)
40
The sympathetic chain and its splanchnic nerve branches contain which of the below? Afferent fibres ---- Efferent fibres --- Both --- None
Both
41
The inferior thyroid artery comes from where?
Subclavian - Thyrocervical trunk - Inf thyroid
42
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of...?
The external carotid artery
43
The ureter begins its descent to the bladder by running along the medial aspect of which muscle?
Psoas Major
44
The longitudinal muscle layer of the large intestine forms three distinct muscle bands. What are these bands of muscle called?
Teniae Coli
45
Which blood vessels supply the liver with blood?
Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
46
What is the main type of cell in the liver?
Hepatocyte
47
From which spinal segments do the parasympathetic nerves that supply the anal and urethral sphincters arise?
S2/S3/S4
48
Which nerve supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal
49
What are the attachements of the greater omentum?
Greater curve of stomach | Transverse colon
50
What are the three main divisions of the coeliac artery?
Left gastric Common hepatic Splenic
51
What is the name for the smooth muscle in the bladder wall?
Detrusor
52
At which vertebral level does the oesophagus begin?
C5/C6
53
What are the 4 layers of the adrenal glands and what does each layer produce?
Zona glomerulosa- Aldosterone Zona Fasiculata- Cortisol Zona Reticularis- Sex steroids (DHEA/ androstenedione) Medulla- Noradrenaline/ adrenaline (Symp stimulation)
54
Where would you find the transpyloric plane?
Hand breath under xipisternum | Above subcostal plane
55
What are the names of the 4 planes use to create the 9 regions of the abdomen?
Subcostal plane Transtubercular plane R midclavicular plane L midclavicular plane
56
What is the roof of the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
57
What are langers lines?
Cleavage lines in the skin show the orientation of collagen fibres in the dermis Surgically always cut parallell to lines
58
Which direction to langers lines run in the abdomen?
Horizontally
59
What are the layers (running superficial to deep) of the anterior abdominal wall?
``` Skin- Epidermis and dermis (with BV's/ nerves) Superficial fascia- Campers/ Scarpa's Deep fascia- thin connective tissue Flat muscles x3 Vertical muscles x2 ```
60
What are the two layers of the superficial fascia of the ant abdominal wall?
(Skin) CAMPER'S - Outer fat SCARPA'S- Inner membranous layer (lower 1/3 only) (Deep fascia)
61
What are the three flat muscles of the ant abdominal wall?
``` External oblique (fibres infromedial) Internal oblique (fibres superiomedial) Transversus abdominis (transverse fibres) All aponeourose in midline to form LINEA ALBA ```
62
What is the linea alba?
An aponeurosis in the midline of the ant abdo wall, formed by the interwoven fibres of the three flat muscles
63
What are the two vertical muscles of the ant abdo wall?
``` Rectus abdominis (forms '6 pack') Pyramidalis (triangle, superficial to RA, base attaches to pubis) ```
64
What is the rectus sheath?
Formed by apenurosis of the three flat muscles, it encloses rectus abdominis and pyramidalis
65
What makes up the ant and post walls of the rectus sheath above the costal margin?
Ant: External oblique only | Post; Ribcage
66
What makes up the ant and post walls of the rectus sheath between costal margin and ASIS?
Ant: External and half internal oblique | Post : Half internal oblique and transversus abdominis
67
What makes up the ant and post walls of the rectus sheath below the ASIS?
``` All three (external/ internal oblique and transversus abdominis) move to anterior wall NO POST WALL ```
68
Which arteries and veins supply the ant abdominal wall?
Sup epigastric art/ vein | Inf epigastric art/ vein
69
What innervates the anterior abdominal wall?
Thoraco-abdominal nerves | From ant of 7-11th intercostal nerves
70
What are the two layers of the peritoneum and what are they made of?
Visceral and parietal Made of simple squamous epithelium (KNOWN AS MESOTHELIUM)
71
What is the term for increased volume of perioneal fluid?
Acscities
72
What is the lesser sac of the abdomen?
``` The omental bursa Lesser omentum (less curve stomach - liver) Greater omentum (greater curve of stomach and then over intestines) ```
73
What is the greater sac of the periotenum?
The general cavity of the abdomen
74
What is the role of the epiploic foreamen?
Connects greater and lesser sacs of the abdomen
75
What is the mesentary?
A fold of peritoneum on the post abdo wall which attaches organs to the abdo wall
76
What is an intraperitoneal organ? | 9 examples
Completely covered in visceral peritoneum | Stomach, liver, spleen, first 5cm duodenum, jejunum, cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons
77
What is a retroperiotneal organ? | 10 examples
Only have peritoneum anteriorly (2nd part duodenum, ascending and descending colon, pancreas (except tail), kidneys, adrenals, uterus, IVC, aorta, oesophagus)
78
What vein drains the foregut?
Hepatic portal vein
79
What vein drains the midgut?
Hepatic portal vein
80
What vein drains the hindgut?
Heaptic portal vein
81
What are the start and end points of the foregut?
Mouth to duodenum major papillae
82
What are the start and end points of the midgut?
Duodenal major papillae to 2/3 along transverse colon
83
What are the start and end points of the hindgut?
Distal 1/3 transverse colon to rectum
84
What is an enema?
Fluid injection into the colon via the rectum
85
At what level does the abdominal aorta split into the common iliac's?
L4
86
At what level does the IVC form?
L5
87
The left and right Kidneys lie between which vertebral levels?
Left: T11-L2 Right: T12-L3
88
Free fluid in the abdomen must come from which type of organ?
Intraperitoneal
89
What is an alternative name for, and where is the pouch of douglas?
Recto-uterine pouch (Between uterus and rectum) Extension of peritoneum
90
How does the appendix recieve blood supply?
From the appendicular artery - Travels down appendix - So if inflammation then the artery is occluded and the tissue becomes necrosed
91
What are the first and second most common positions to find the appendix in?
1) Retrocecal | 2) Pelvic

Semester 4 (NME) (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions