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Foundations of Clinical Practice II > Mouth and Throat 2.27.18 > Flashcards

Mouth and Throat 2.27.18 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 centor criteria

A

For RADT - strept throat

  1. Sudden onset
  2. Tonsillar exudate
  3. Tender lymph nodes
  4. Fever
  5. NO COUGH
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2
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin V 500mg BID-TID for 10 days

or Amoxicillin

If PCN allergic: Macrolides: Azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin

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3
Q

Name 4 complications of strep throat

A
  1. Acute rheumatic fever*
  2. Acute glomerulonephritis*
  3. Mastoiditis
  4. Bacteremia
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4
Q

How many times does someone need to have tonsillitis to have tosillectomy

A

7 in a year
5 a year, for 2 consecutive years
3 a year for 3 consecutive years

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5
Q

What constitutes an episode of strept throat?

A
  1. Strept throat
  2. Fever >100.9
  3. Tonsillar exudate
  4. Anterior cervical adenopathy
  5. Confirmed GABHS culture
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6
Q

Most common cause of acute pharyngitis?

A

Viral

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7
Q

Most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis?

A

Group A strept

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8
Q

What organism most common causes peritonsillar abcess?

A

streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS)

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9
Q

Name 5 symptoms of peritonsillar abcess

A
  • hot potato voice
  • drooling
  • Trismus (lock jaw)
  • fever
  • exudate
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10
Q

Best imaging for Peritonsillar abcess

A

CT with IV constrast

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11
Q

Peritonsillar abcess: treatment

A

Ampicillin-sulbactam IV (or clindamycin)

-or-

Amoxicillin-clavaulanate for 14 days (or clindamycin)

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12
Q

After when do you become concerned about laryngitis?

A

If it hasn’t resolved by 3 weeks they need to see ENT and have imaging

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13
Q

Epiglottitis: cause

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B (bacterial)

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14
Q

What are the 3 D’s of epiglottitis?

A

Dysphagia - “pain out of proportion”’
Distress - anxiety, can’t breathe well
Drooling - too painful to swallow

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15
Q

What is thumb sign?

A

inflammed epiglottis on lateral radiograph

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16
Q

What is the treatment (ABO) for epiglottitis?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin + Vancomycin IV

+/- Dexamethasone

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17
Q

What virus causes oral herpes?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1

18
Q

What causes Hand, Foot, Mouth disease?

A

coxsackie A16

19
Q

What is the difference in lesions between oral herpes and coxsackie?

A

herpes: painful vesicles on erythematous base
coxsackie: papules on erythematous base

20
Q

Compare and contrast fever and location of papules: Herpangia and Hand, Foot, Mouth

A

HFM:

  • lower fever
  • papules on tongue and hard palate (more anterior)

Herpangia:

  • HIGHER fever
  • lesions on soft palate (more posterior)
21
Q

What virus causes apthous ulcers?

A

Herpes-virus 6

22
Q

Treatment for apthous ulcers?

A

steroids + analgesics

23
Q

Bechet’s Dx criteria

A

recurrent oral ulcers more than 3 times/year + 2 of the following [recurrent genital ulcers, eye lesions, skin lesions]

24
Q

What other labs need to be considered with a patient with thrush?

A
  1. HIV

2. blood glucose

25
Q

What disease is characterized by reticular white/ hyperkeratotic plaques?

A

Oral lichen planus

26
Q

Lichen planus: treatment

A
  • pain management
  • steroids
  • cyclosporine
  • retinoids
  • tacrolimus
27
Q

What disease is a hyperplasia of squamous epithelium from chronic irritation?

A

Oral leukoplakia

*precancerous

28
Q

Erythroplakia treatment

A

This is malignant - ALL MUST BE BIOPSIED*****

29
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia: infectious agent

A

Epstein-barr virus

*almost exclusive with HIV

30
Q

Black hairy tongue is associated with what treatment?

A

ABO

31
Q

Which organism causes dental caries?

A

strept mutans

32
Q

Most common location for sialolithiasis

A

wharton duct

33
Q

Imaging for sialolithaisis?

A

US or CT

34
Q

What lab would you expect to see elevated in suppurative parotitis?

A

Elevated Amylase**

35
Q

Imaging for suppurative parotitis?

A
  • US
  • CT
  • MR sialography**
36
Q

Treatment for suppurative parotitis?

A
  1. IV ABO
  2. Hydration
  3. Surgery (if no improvement in 48 hours)
37
Q

3 complications of suppurative parotitis

A
  1. Massive neck swelling
  2. septicemia
  3. osteomyelitis
38
Q

Oral cancer cell type

A

squamous cell carcinoma

*oral cancer is most common head and neck cancer

39
Q

Which HPVs (3) are associated with cancers of mouth, pharynx, larynx?

A

16
18
31

40
Q

What is the tumor suppression gene most commonly associated with head and neck tumors?

A

p53

41
Q

What is the cause associated with nasopharyngeal cancers?

A

Epstein-barr virus

Foundations of Clinical Practice II (25 decks)

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