Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations of Clinical Practice II > Glomerular Disease (Mcleod) > Flashcards

Glomerular Disease (Mcleod) Flashcards

1
Q

Pathologic proteinuria is equal to _____ or more in 24 hours

A

150mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the smallest plasma protein

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

30-300mg/day of albumin excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macro albuminuria

A

> 300mg/day of albumin excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Daily excretion fo more than ______ of protein is termed nephrotic range proteinuria

A

3.5g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of nephrotic versus nephritic syndrome

A

biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common Nephritic Syndrome characteristics

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. RBC casts/dysmorphic RBCs
  3. Occasional WBCs
  4. proteinuria <3.5g/day
  5. Azotemia
  6. Oliguria
  7. Edema
  8. Gradual increase in creatinine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 5 Nephritic Syndromes

A
  1. Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis
  2. IgA nephropathy
  3. Henoch- Schonlein purpura
  4. Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (ANCA-associated)
  5. Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture Syndrome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes Post infectious Glomerulonephritis?

A

Group A beta hemolytic streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What damages the glomerulus in Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis?

A

Immune complexes with streptococcal antigen components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long after the initial strep infection does the glomerulonephritis occur?

A

1-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the UAof Post infectious glomerulonephritis

A

UA: cola colored urine, RBC casts, proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the classic blood test to identify post infectious glomerulonephritis

A

ASO titer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for Post infectious glomerulonephritis

A
  • *Treatment is supportive
    1. ACE or ARB
    2. Salt restrict
    3. Diuretics

Steroids don’t improve outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide?

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does IgA nephropathy present after a URI or GI infection?

A

cola colored urine 1-3 days after illness onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 labs you would expect to see in IgA nephropathy?

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. Proteinuria
  3. Increased IgA levels**
  4. Complement normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most unfavorable prognostic indicator for IgA nephropathy?

A

proteinuria <1g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment for IgA nephropathy

A
  1. Corticosteroids if milder proteinuria 1-3.5g/day
  2. ACE or ARBs if severe proteinuria
  3. Target BP <130/80
20
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura: etiology

A

systemic small-vessel vasculitis associated with IgA deposition in vessel walls

21
Q

What do Henoch-Schonlein purpura and Post infectious glomerulonephritis have in common?

A

Both brought on by group A strep

22
Q

What is the classical presentation for Henoch-Schonlein purpura? (3)

A
  • palpable purpura in the LE and buttock areas
  • arthraligas
  • ABD symptoms (nausea, melena)
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis

A
  • *like a systemic inflammatory disease
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Weight loss
  • Purpura
24
Q

What is the characteristic lab associated with Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis

A

ANCA (+)

[anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies]

25
Q

What is the treatment for Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis?

A

HIGH dose corticosteroids

DMARDs

26
Q

What is the etiology of Goodpasture syndrome?

A

Antibodies attack the glomerular basement membrane

27
Q

What other damage is caused in Good pasture syndrome?

A

Pulmonary hemorrhage

28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture Syndrome)?

A
  1. 20-60% are preceeded by URI
  2. Hemoptysis and dyspnea**
  3. RPGN (rapidly progessing glomerulonephritis)
29
Q

What are 3 important diagnosic findings in Goodpasture syndrome?

A
  1. Sputum has hemosiderin-laden macrophages
  2. Anti-GBM antibodies in blood
  3. CXR - pulmonary infiltrates
30
Q

Good pasture Syndrome: Treatment

A
  1. Plasmaphoresis
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. DMARDs
31
Q

Name 3 Nephrotic Syndromes

A
  1. Minimal Change Disease
  2. Membranous nephropathy
  3. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
32
Q

What are the key features of nephrotic disease

A
  1. > 3.5 g/day of protein in the urine
  2. Hypoalbuminemia (<3 g/dL)
  3. Peripheral edema
  4. Hyperlipidemia
  5. Bland urinary sediment (oval fat bodies)
  6. Dyspnea (pulmonary edema)
33
Q

At what point does peripheral edema occur in nephrotic syndrome?

A

when serum albumin is <2g/dL

34
Q

What is the initial test to look for proteinuria?

A

dipstick (tests for albumin only)

35
Q

What do oval fat bodies in the urine indicate?

A

marked hyperlipidemia, a compensatory mechanism by the liver to replace serum protein and decreased clearance of VLDL

36
Q

What are the two characteristic findings in the blood chemistry for nephrotic syndrome?

A
  1. Decreased serum albumin (<3g/dL)

2. Total serum protein <6g/dL

37
Q

What three minerals/vitamins can also be deficient in nephrotic syndrome?

A
  1. Vitamin D
  2. Zinc
  3. Copper

(due to loss of binding proteins)

38
Q

What other state can occur when a patient’s serum albumin decreases <2g/dL?

A

Hypercoagulable state**

  • venous thromboemboli
  • PE
  • renal ven thrombosis

(may need indefinite anticoagulation)

39
Q

Which nephrotic disorder is due to foot process effacement of the podocytes?

A

Minimal Change Disease

40
Q

What is the most common cause of proteinuria in children?

A

Minimal Change Disease

41
Q

Minimal Change Disease: Treatment

A

Oral corticosteroids

42
Q

What is the most common primary nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Membranous Nephropathy

43
Q

Membranous nephropathy: etiology

A

immune complex deposition in glomerular capillary walls causing increased permeability

44
Q

What disease would you suspect with a “frothy” urine sample?

A

Membranous nephropathy

45
Q

Membranous Nephropathy: Treatment

A

Initial (conservative treatment): ACE or ARB (if BP is >125/75)

if not improving after 6 months –>corticosteroids

46
Q

Which disease is due to increased permeability due to podocyte injury especially in those of african descent?

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

47
Q

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Treatment

A
  1. Corticosteroids (60mg for 16 weeks)
  2. Diuretic for edema
  3. ACE or ARB to reduce proteinuria and HTN
  4. Statin for hyperlipidemia

Foundations of Clinical Practice II (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions