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Y1 BS- Gastrointestinal > Mouth And Swallowing - Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Mouth And Swallowing - Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the tongue

A

Dorsum (top part)
Body (middle area)
Root (bottom)

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2
Q

List the type of teeth

A 
Central incisors 
Lateral incisors
Cuspids 
Premolars
Molars
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3
Q

Where is the opening of the parotid duct found

A

Cheek

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4
Q

What are the cheeks lined by

A

Buccal mucosa

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5
Q

What is the vestibule

A

Space between the lips teeth and gums

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5
Q

How many teeth in total

A

32

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7
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Divisions of the pharynx and their boundaries

A 
Nasopharynx = from nasal cavity to the uvula 
Oropharynx = from the uvula to the epiglottis 
Laryngopharynx = from the epiglottis to the larynx
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8
Q

Which type of epithelial cells are found in the oesophagus

A

25cm

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9
Q

What are the layers of the medial pterygoid

A

Deep head

Superficial head

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11
Q

What are the two layers of the masster muscle

A

Superficial and deep

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12
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid

A

Elevates the mandible closing the mouth

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13
Q

Two divisions of the lateral pterygoid

A

Superior head

Inferior head

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14
Q

Function of the temporalis muscle

A
  • elevates the mandible closing the mouth

- retracts the mandible pulling the jaw posteriorly

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15
Q

How long is the oesophagus

A

25cm

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16
Q

Function of the lateral pterygoid

A

Protract jaw forwards

Side to side jaw movement

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17
Q

What are the 3 main glands in the mouth

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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18
Q

What is the salivatory centre in the brain stem driven by

A

Local stimuli
Centeral stimuli
Learned reflex

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19
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Watery

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20
Q

Which is the largest salivary gland

A

Parotid

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21
Q

Which salivary gland secretes predominantly serous secretion

A

Parotid gland

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22
Q

What percentage of the salivary volume does the parotid gland produce

A

50%

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23
Q

Which enzyme and protein is the parotid gland the main source of

A

Salivary amylase

Proline- rich protein

23
Q

Parasympathetic supply of the parotid gland

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

24
Q

What percentage of the salivary volume does the submandibular gland produce

A

45%

25
Q

How wide is the oesophagus

A

2cm

25
Q

Function of the masseter muscle

A

Elevates the mandible closing the mouth

27
Q

Functions of saliva

A 
Lubricates mouth and food
Protects against acid and bacteria
Cleaning
Digestion
Facilitates taste
28
Q

How many teeth do we have in each quadrant

A

8

29
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase

A

Involuntary

  • tongue blocks oral cavity so food doesn’t go back into the mouth
  • the soft palate blocks off the nasopharynx
  • vocal folds close
  • larynx moves up and the epiglottis flips over covering entry to the trachea
  • upper oesophageal sphincter opens so food goes down oesophagus
31
Q

Sympathetic

A

Mucoid

33
Q

Which nerve makes up the parasympathetic supply for the submandibular gland

A

CN V11 (facial - chorda tympani - lingual nerve)

34
Q

Sympathetic supply of the submandibular gland, parotid gland and sublingual gland

A

Superior cervical region

35
Q

Function of ptyalin alpha-amylase

A

Initial digestion of polysaccharides

I.e. starch —> sugar molecules

37
Q

What percentage of salivary volume does the sublingual glad produce

A

5%

38
Q

Which enzyme is the sublingual gland the main source of

A

Lingual lipase

39
Q

What is the optimum pH for ptyalin alpha-amylase

A

PH 7

40
Q

What are the 3 main phases of swallowing

A

1) oral phase
2) pharyngeal phase
3) oesophageal phase

41
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the sublingual gland

A

Via CN V11 (facial)

43
Q

What pH is ptyalin alpha-amylase denatured at

A

PH 4

44
Q

Function of lingual lipase

A

Initial digestion of fats

Cleave the outer fatty acids off triglycerides leaving diacylglycerol

45
Q

What nerve is CN X

A

Vagus nerve

46
Q

What happens in the oral phase

A

Voluntary
Food is moistened and chewed
Pushed to pharynx

47
Q

How wide is the oesophagus

A

2cm

48
Q

What is the cephalic phase of GI activity

A

A combination of stimuli
Eg, cognitive and include anticipation or thinking about the consumption of food, olfactory input, visual input and auditory input.

49
Q

What nerve is CN VII

A

Facial nerve

50
Q

What is the optimum pH for lingual lipase

A

About 4

Denatured by pancreatic proteases

51
Q

What nerve is CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

52
Q

Which part of the nervous system is the cephalic phase mediated by

A

parasympathetic nervous system

53
Q

What do the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves control

A

Salivary secretion

55
Q

What does the vagus nerve control

A

GI motility and secretion

61
Q

How long is the oesophagus

A

25cm

63
Q

Sympathetic supply of the parotid gland

A

Superior cervical ganglion

70
Q

Which salivary gland is the main source of lingual lipase

A

Sublingual gland

72
Q

What is the submandibular gland the main source of

A

Lysosome

Lactoperoxidase - antimicrobial agent

Y1 BS- Gastrointestinal (6 decks)

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