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Y1 BS- Gastrointestinal > Clinical Sessions > Flashcards

Clinical Sessions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs of anorexia nervosa?

A 
Missing meals/ strict dieting 
Moody irritable 
Believing they’re fat
Lack of periods
Dizziness 
Low BP/ weakness 
Feel cold and weak 
Hair thinning/ fallout
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2
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

Binge eating with compensatory behaviour- improper use of laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise, vomiting

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3
Q

Signs of bulimia nervosa?

A 
Mood swings 
Bingeing 
Feeling anxious 
Depressed 
Low self esteem
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4
Q

Physical symptoms of bulimia

A 
Stomach pain
Vomiting 
Irregular periods 
Enlarged salivary glands 
Regular changes in weight 
Electrolyte abnormalities from purging
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5
Q

Who came up with the social comparison theory

A

Festinger

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7
Q

Which eating disorder has no compensatory behaviour?

A

Binge eating disorder

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8
Q

Things that make people vulnerable to eating disorders

A 
Mental health problems 
Perfectionism 
Family history 
Dieting 
Being part of a sport/ activity where there is an emphasis on appearance eg sport.
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9
Q

What is Pattons theory

A

Moderate dieting = 5x more likely to develop an eating disorder
Severe dieting = 18x
Poor mental health = 7x

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10
Q

What are the three main stages of treatment of eating disorders

A

1) weight management
2) psychological therapies
3) relapse prevention

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12
Q

What is one of the main pathways leading to an eating disorder

A

Dieting

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13
Q

Which two main risk factors does Connor’s model talk about?

A

Body dissatisfaction

Self -regulatory risk factors

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14
Q

What is upwards social comparison

A

Compare ourselves to others who are ‘better’ us - feel bad about it

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24
Q

What age is the peak of anorexia nervosa?

A

15 - 18 years

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25
Q

After how many months of starvation would a normal fit adult die?

A

2 months

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26
Q

After how many months of starvation would a patient who’s undergone major surgery/ infection/ trauma?

A

1 month

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27
Q

Give 6 consequences of poor nutrition

A 
Reduced muscle power 
Reduced mobility 
Poor wound healing 
Reduced immune response 
Fatigue/ depression 
Swallowing problems
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28
Q

What is enteral feeding?

A

Nutrition goes into the GI tract

Used when there’s poor oral intake eg due to dysphagia/ head injury

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29
Q

Which route is nutrition administered in parenteral feeding

A

Intravenously

30
Q

Which type of artificial feeding would be used if patient has a functioning GI tract?

A

Enteral feeding

31
Q

Which route is taken for short term intravenous feeding

A

Peripheral feeding= veins outside SVC

32
Q

Which route is taken for medium term intravenous feeding?

A

Central feeing (PICC) = fed into larger central vein

33
Q

Which route is taken for long term intravenous feeding?

A

Tunnelled lines - Hickman

34
Q

Give 4 complications of total parenteral feeding?

A

Infection
High blood sugar
Electrolyte disturbance
Refeeding syndrome

35
Q

What is refeeding syndrome

A

Too much too soon

Metabolic disturbances

36
Q

What happens to insulin and glucagon during starvation

A
  • less secretion of insulin

- more secretion of glucagon

37
Q

What effect does starvation have on electrolytes

A

Depletion of K, Mg, PO4

38
Q

What happens to electrolytes during refeeding?

A

More uptake of glucose, PO4, K, Mg, into cells

So low conc of them in blood

39
Q

Treatment for refeeding syndrome

A

Give pabrinex (is VIT B and C)
Feed slowly and build up
Correct electrolyte abnormalities
Daily electrolytes

40
Q

Give 4 general causes of obesity

A

Societal influences
Individual activity
Genetics
Food consumption

41
Q

Give 5 physical effects of obesity

A 
CVD
Stroke 
Respiratory disease 
Gall bladder disease
Osteoarthritis
42
Q

What is the percentage of men with a BMI of 25 or over

A

66.8 %

43
Q

What is the percentage of women with a BMI of 25 or over

A

57.8 %

44
Q

What fraction of men and women are affected by obesity

A

1/4

45
Q

What is the intervention for patients with a BMI of 25-29.9

A

General advice
Diet
Physical activity

46
Q

What is the intervention for patients with a BMI of 25- 29.9 and a high waist circumference

A

General advice about diet and physical activity as well as considering drugs

47
Q

What is the intervention for patients with a BMI of 30 - 39.9

A

General advice about diet and physical activity as well as considering drugs

48
Q

What is the intervention for patients with a BMI of 40 and over

A

General advice about diet and physical activity as well as considering drugs and surgery

49
Q

When would pharmacotherapy treatments be considered

A

Only as part of an overall plan after diet and exercise has been started and evaluated

  • BMI of 28 + with associated risk factors
  • BMI of 30+
50
Q

What drug is commonly given as part of a pharmacotherapy treatment

A

Orlistat - it blocks the enzyme that breaks down fats so the undigested fat passes out of the body with bowel movement

51
Q

What is bariatric surgery

A

An operation that makes changes to digestive systems to aid weight loss

52
Q

What are three types of bariatric surgery

A

Gastric band
Gastric bypass
Sleeve gastrectomy

53
Q

What is gastric band surgery

A

band is placed around your stomach, so you do not need to eat as much to feel full

54
Q

What is a gastric bypass

A

A small pouch is created at the top part of your stomach and is joined to the small intestine, so you feel fuller sooner and do not absorb as many calories from food - as the stomach is smaller

55
Q

Sleeve gastrectomy

A

Some of your stomach is removed, so you cannot eat as much as you could before and you’ll feel full sooner

Y1 BS- Gastrointestinal (6 decks)

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