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Y1 BS- Gastrointestinal > Intro To Physiology - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Intro To Physiology - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the pharynx, oesophagus and stomach together

A

1m

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2
Q

What are the 6 functions of the GI tract

A 
Ingestion 
Mechanical processing 
Digestion 
Secretion 
Absorption 
Excretion
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3
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line

A

The abdominal cavity

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4
Q

How long is the small intestine

A

6m

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5
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover

A

Organs

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6
Q

List the structure of the digestive tract from innermost to outermost

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Visceral peritoneum (Serosa)

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7
Q

Which artery originates from the anterior side of the abdominal aorta at L1

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

Which organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine

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9
Q

What vertebrae level of the ab aorta does the superior mesenteric artery originate from

A

L1

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10
Q

Which artery originates from the anterior side of the abdominal aorta at L3

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

Which three main arteries supply the GI tract

A

Coeliac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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12
Q

Which artery originates from the anterior side of the abdominal aorta at t12 just after the aortic hiatus

A

Coeliac artery

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12
Q

What vertebrae level of the abdominal aorta does the coeliac artery originate from

A

T12

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13
Q

How long is the digestive tract

A

8m

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15
Q

Which main organs does the coeliac artery supply?

A 
Liver (through hepatic artery)
Stomach 
Spleen 
Gallbladder 
Pancreas
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16
Q

What are slow waves

A

Feature of electrical activity of smooth muscle

Regular oscillations in resting membrane potential

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17
Q

Which artery supplies the spleen

A

Coeliac artery

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18
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

Large intestine

Rectum

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20
Q

Which main vein does the venous blood of the GI tract drain into?

A

Hepatic portal vein

21
Q

Which vein does the venous blood from the liver drain into before going into the Vena Cava

A

Hepatic vein

22
Q

Which artery is the liver supplied by

A

The hepatic artery branching off the coeliac artery

23
Q

Which artery supplies the gallbladder

A

Coeliac artery

24
Q

What are the two plexuses which make up the enteric division of the nervous system

A

Myenteric plexus

Submucous plexus

24
Q

What is the frequency of slow waves in the stomach

A

3 per min

25
Q

Which arteries supply the large intestine

A

Superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery

26
Q

How long is the large intestine

A

1.5m

26
Q

Where is the submucous plexus located

A

In the submucosa

27
Q

Which artery supplies the rectum

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

28
Q

What is the frequency of slow waves in the duodenum

A

12 per min

29
Q

What are the main types of cell junctions and what do they do?

A

Tight junctions - doesn’t let anything though= is a watertight seal
Desmosomes - holds cell together but things can flow between them
Gap junctions - tunnel between the cells = allow water and ions to flow through this gap between cells
Adherence junctions - connects actin filament bundles between each cell and provides additional structural support
Hemidesmosome - connect the basal surface of epithelial cells via intermediate filaments to the underlying basal lamina.

30
Q

What vertebrae does the abdominal aorta begin?

A

At T12 - at the aortic hiatus when it goes through the diaphragm

30
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus found

A

Between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscle in the tunica muscularis

31
Q

What are the two main branches of the nervous system of the gut

A

Enteric/ intrinsic

And extrinsic

32
Q

What does the parasympathetic division of the extrinsic nervous system do

A

Stimulate motility

34
Q

Role of myenteric plexus

A

Controls GI tract motility

35
Q

Role of submucous plexus

A

Controls epithelial cell function

Regulated blood flow

36
Q

Which part of the nervous system is the enteric nervous system a division of

A

It is a third division of the autonomic division

37
Q

What does the sympathetic division of the extrinsic nervous system do

A

Inhibit motility - maintain continence

38
Q

What are intertitial cells of Cajal

A

‘Pacemaker’ cells for GI smooth muscle

They drive the frequency of smooth muscle

39
Q

Which artery supplies the stomach

A

Coeliac artery

40
Q

Where is the extrinsic nervous system found?

A

External to the bowel

41
Q

Which arteries supply the pancreas

A

Coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery

42
Q

What level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into a left and right common iliac artery

A

L4/ L5

44
Q

What is the frequency of slow waves in the ileum

A

8-9 per min

45
Q

What vertebrae level of the ab aorta does the inferior mesenteric artery originate from

A

L3

46
Q

What does the enteric nervous system control

A

Smooth muscle
Secretory cells
Endocrine cells
Blood vessels

47
Q

Which artery supplies the small intestine

A

Superior mesenteric artery

Y1 BS- Gastrointestinal (6 decks)

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