Intro To Physiology - Lecture 2

Question 1

How long is the pharynx, oesophagus and stomach together

Answer 1

1m

Question 2

What are the 6 functions of the GI tract

Answer 2

Ingestion 
Mechanical processing 
Digestion 
Secretion 
Absorption 
Excretion

Question 3

What does the parietal peritoneum line

Answer 3

The abdominal cavity

Question 4

How long is the small intestine

Answer 4

6m

Question 5

What does the visceral peritoneum cover

Answer 5

Organs

Question 6

List the structure of the digestive tract from innermost to outermost

Answer 6

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Visceral peritoneum (Serosa)

Question 7

Which artery originates from the anterior side of the abdominal aorta at L1

Answer 7

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 8

Which organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 8

Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine

Question 9

What vertebrae level of the ab aorta does the superior mesenteric artery originate from

Answer 9

L1

Question 10

Which artery originates from the anterior side of the abdominal aorta at L3

Answer 10

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 11

Which three main arteries supply the GI tract

Answer 11

Coeliac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 12

Which artery originates from the anterior side of the abdominal aorta at t12 just after the aortic hiatus

Answer 12

Coeliac artery

Question 12

What vertebrae level of the abdominal aorta does the coeliac artery originate from

Answer 12

T12

Question 13

How long is the digestive tract

Answer 13

8m

Question 15

Which main organs does the coeliac artery supply?

Answer 15

Liver (through hepatic artery)
Stomach 
Spleen 
Gallbladder 
Pancreas

Question 16

What are slow waves

Answer 16

Feature of electrical activity of smooth muscle

Regular oscillations in resting membrane potential

Question 17

Which artery supplies the spleen

Answer 17

Coeliac artery

Question 18

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 18

Large intestine

Rectum

Question 20

Which main vein does the venous blood of the GI tract drain into?

Answer 20

Hepatic portal vein

Question 21

Which vein does the venous blood from the liver drain into before going into the Vena Cava

Answer 21

Hepatic vein

Question 22

Which artery is the liver supplied by

Answer 22

The hepatic artery branching off the coeliac artery

Question 23

Which artery supplies the gallbladder

Answer 23

Coeliac artery

Question 24

What are the two plexuses which make up the enteric division of the nervous system

Answer 24

Myenteric plexus

Submucous plexus

Question 24

What is the frequency of slow waves in the stomach

Answer 24

3 per min

Question 25

Which arteries supply the large intestine

Answer 25

Superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 26

How long is the large intestine

Answer 26

1.5m

Question 26

Where is the submucous plexus located

Answer 26

In the submucosa

Question 27

Which artery supplies the rectum

Answer 27

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 28

What is the frequency of slow waves in the duodenum

Answer 28

12 per min

Question 29

What are the main types of cell junctions and what do they do?

Answer 29

Tight junctions - doesn’t let anything though= is a watertight seal Desmosomes - holds cell together but things can flow between them Gap junctions - tunnel between the cells = allow water and ions to flow through this gap between cells Adherence junctions - connects actin filament bundles between each cell and provides additional structural support Hemidesmosome - connect the basal surface of epithelial cells via intermediate filaments to the underlying basal lamina.

Question 30

What vertebrae does the abdominal aorta begin?

Answer 30

At T12 - at the aortic hiatus when it goes through the diaphragm

Question 30

Where is the myenteric plexus found

Answer 30

Between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscle in the tunica muscularis

Question 31

What are the two main branches of the nervous system of the gut

Answer 31

Enteric/ intrinsic | And extrinsic

Question 32

What does the parasympathetic division of the extrinsic nervous system do

Answer 32

Stimulate motility

Question 34

Role of myenteric plexus

Answer 34

Controls GI tract motility

Question 35

Role of submucous plexus

Answer 35

Controls epithelial cell function | Regulated blood flow

Question 36

Which part of the nervous system is the enteric nervous system a division of

Answer 36

It is a third division of the autonomic division

Question 37

What does the sympathetic division of the extrinsic nervous system do

Answer 37

Inhibit motility - maintain continence

Question 38

What are intertitial cells of Cajal

Answer 38

‘Pacemaker’ cells for GI smooth muscle | They drive the frequency of smooth muscle

Question 39

Which artery supplies the stomach

Answer 39

Coeliac artery

Question 40

Where is the extrinsic nervous system found?

Answer 40

External to the bowel

Question 41

Which arteries supply the pancreas

Answer 41

Coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery

Question 42

What level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into a left and right common iliac artery

Answer 42

L4/ L5

Question 44

What is the frequency of slow waves in the ileum

Answer 44

8-9 per min

Question 45

What vertebrae level of the ab aorta does the inferior mesenteric artery originate from

Answer 45

L3

Question 46

What does the enteric nervous system control

Answer 46

Smooth muscle Secretory cells Endocrine cells Blood vessels

Question 47

Which artery supplies the small intestine

Answer 47

Superior mesenteric artery